Open leads (unverified)

New findings – pending verification

Entries from the Satu Mare Orthodox Jewish cemetery register and related catalogues, received 23 Oct 2026 (two passes). They are listed here until each identity is reconciled with the records; nothing on this list changes the family tree by itself. Where a person below is already in the tree, that is said, and the tree entry is left as it was. A third set (23 Oct 2026) checks an outside research package against the original pages. A fourth set (23 Oct 2026) comes from Babi’s own oral history, heard in full, with the place in the recording for each.

• Papi’s own birth entry, Cernăuți 1929, no. 116: the original register page found
  Status: original register page read 23 Oct 2026 (image kept in the research files, not reproduced here) · agrees with the tree
  Cernăuți Jewish civil birth register, volume 1245-15/34 (births 1928–1929), page 201, entry 116. Born “patru spre zece Martie 1929” (14 March 1929) at Cernăuți, strada Transilvaniei 48; named on 21 March 1929, same address; child “Chaim”, male. Father: “Schaie Leib Rosner, căsătorit, agent, domiciliat în Cernăuți, … fiu legitimat al lui Mordko Rosner și al Freide Reiner” (married, agent, living in Cernăuți, legitimated son of Mordko Rosner and Freide Reiner). Mother: “Anna Rosner, căsătorită, domiciliată în Cernăuți, fiica lui Iacob Pächt și a decedatei Scheine Ruchel născ. Steigman” (married, of Cernăuți, daughter of Jacob Pächt and the late Scheine Ruchel née Steigman). Remarks: “Legitim. conf. condicei de cununii tom. XV p. 274, nr. 289; părinții s’au căsătorit la 14/XII 1924” (legitimated according to the marriage register, vol. XV p. 274 no. 289; the parents married on 14 Dec 1924). The signature columns are only partly legible and are not transcribed. Everything agrees with the tree: the 1929 date (kept beside the 1930 of his later papers), Zeidi’s parents Mordko Rosner and Freide Reiner, and Anna’s parents Jacob Pacht and Scheine Ruchel Steigman, who was already dead by March 1929. New details: the address, Zeidi’s occupation (“agent”) and the exact date of the parents’ civil marriage, 14 Dec 1924. The register page is on image 482 of the archive microfilm (digital film 7813066), not on the film named in the outside report (7813065, which ends in 1926).
  Source: Cernăuți civil register of Jewish births, vol. 1245-15/34, p. 201, entry 116 (Chernivtsi State Archive, fond 1245, opis 15; archive microfilm, digital film 7813066, image 482)
• Feiga (Fejge) Freund, d. 13 Jan 1927, aged 2: daughter of Alexander (Sender) Freund, so Babi’s sister. Already on the site
  Status: register entry read · stone photo seen, not reproduced here · already in the tree (Confirmed)
  Register: “Freund Fejge”, father “Alexander”, died 1927-01-13, section 12, row 07A, grave 10, “2 years old”. Her stone reads: פ״נ / הילדה / פיגה ע״ה / בת הרבני הנגיד מו״ה / אלכסנדר פריינד / נ״י / נפטרה בת שנה וחצי … שבט …, meaning “Here lies the child Feiga, of blessed memory, daughter of the distinguished and wealthy Rabbi Alexander Freund (then living); she died aged a year and a half … Shevat …”. The lowest line is partly hidden. 13 Jan 1927 = 10 Shevat 5687, the date and plot the tree already gives for Feiga Freund, Babi’s sister who died before Babi was born. The one difference: the stone gives her age as a year and a half, and the register as 2. The tree entry is unchanged.
  Source: Satu Mare Orthodox Jewish cemetery database (online register and stone photograph), section 12, row 7A, grave 10
• Chaya Freund, wife of Chaim (“Freund Haya Haymne”), d. 28 Oct 1926 — possible match for Babi’s grandmother Chaya née Stern
  Status: register entry read · stone photos seen (two photos: the original stone and a renewed stone) · not reproduced here
  Register: “Freund Haya Haymne” (Haya, wife of Haym Freund), father “Stern Samuel”, died 1926-10-28, section 04, row 10, grave 03 (no age, no mother given). The original stone reads: פ״נ / אשה כשרה מיוחסת ומפורסמת / מרת חיה ע״ה / בת הה״ח מו״ה שמואל ז״ל / תנצב״ה — “Here lies a worthy woman, of distinguished descent and well known, Mrs Chaya, of blessed memory, daughter of the pious Rabbi Shmuel, of blessed memory. May her soul be bound up in the bond of life.” The renewed stone beside it reads: מרת חיה ע״ה / בת הרבני ה״ה מוה״ר שמואל שטערן ז״ל / אשת הרבני מוה״ר חיים פריינד נ״י / נכדת הרב מאה״ג מוהר״ר יוסף חריף זצ״ל / ונכדת רבינו בעל הטורי זהב זצ״ל … נפטרה כ׳ מרחשון שנת תרפ״ז לפ״ק / תנצב״ה — “Mrs Chaya, of blessed memory, daughter of Rabbi Shmuel Stern, of blessed memory, wife of Rabbi Chaim Freund (then living), descendant of the great Rabbi Yosef Charif and of our master the author of the Turei Zahav; she died 20 Marcheshvan 5687 (= 28 Oct 1926).” A rhymed eulogy on the renewed stone praises her charity to the hungry and the poor. Comparison: the name, her father Shmuel Stern, her husband Chaim Freund, the Yosef Charif and Taz descent and the date all agree with the tree’s Chaya (Betty) Freund née Stern, mother of Sender (Kurima register 1893: “Stern Chaja of Kurima”; married Chaim Freund at Sighet 1884, aged 19, “daughter of Samuel”). Neither the stone nor the register gives an age (the tree has her born c.1865). She is already in the tree as Confirmed from the earlier reading of this stone; that entry is left unchanged.
  Source: Satu Mare Orthodox Jewish cemetery database (online register and its two stone photographs), section 4, row 10, grave 3
• Bernát Freund, d. 9 Jul 1918, aged 9 — son of Haym Freund and Haya Stern
  Status: register entry read · no grave photo (location not identified) · original records not found online
  Register: “Freund Bernat, Zrinyi str.7”, mother “Stern Haya”, father “Haym”, died 1918-07-09, aged 9, source given as the State Archive; grave location XXX (not identified) — there is no photographed grave. He is already in the tree (born 21 Mar 1909 Satu Mare, Babi’s uncle who died as a child), from transcriptions of the Satu Mare civil births and deaths, which give the family’s address as Zrínyi utca 3 and 5. The original 1909 birth entry and 1918 death entry were looked for on 23 Oct 2026 and not found: the Satu Mare civil registers after 1895 are kept at the Satu Mare branch of the Romanian National Archives and are not filmed online, and no index entry for him turned up. Next step: the originals at that archive.
  Source: Satu Mare Orthodox Jewish cemetery database (online register, State Archive entry) · Satu Mare civil births 1909 and deaths 1918 (transcriptions)
• Markusz (Nachum Mordechaj) Freund, d. 4 Jul 1900, aged 57 — son of R’ Tuvia Gedalia of Kroli: now in the tree
  Status: register entry read · stone read again 23 Oct 2026 · moved into the tree (Confirmed)
  Register: “Freund Markusz Nachum Mordechaj, Weisz Pepi a neje (his wife), Kazinczi u.11, Carei”, mother “Jachet”, father “Tobias, kereskedő (merchant), Jerusalem”, died 1900-07-04, aged 57, section 06, row 01, grave 07 (State Archive). His stone reads, in part: … מו״ה נחום מרדכי / בן הרב הצדיק מו״ה טובי׳ גדלי׳ פריינד ז״ל / נולד בשנת תר״[ד] ונפטר בשם טוב ז׳ תמוז תר״ס — “… Rabbi Nachum Mordechai, son of the rabbinic tzaddik Rabbi Tuvia Gedalia Freund, of blessed memory; born in the year 5603/04 (1843), died with a good name 7 Tammuz 5660 (= 4 Jul 1900)”; the eulogy above is only partly legible. The same register lists his first wife Terez (Meiselsz), d. 24 Jul 1877 aged 37, and children Regina (d. 1879), Eszter (d. 1883), Jenny (d. 1887, mother Weisz Josefa) and Julianna (d. 1887 aged 19). This is the Markusz Freund, son of Tobias, already on the Open leads list below (married Peppi Weisz 19 Dec 1877; first wife Rozi Meisels). Re-read on 23 Oct 2026: the stone gives his father’s full name, Tuvia Gedalia, and the register’s parents “Tobias … Jerusalem” and “Jachet” are R’ Tuvia Gedalia of Kroli and his wife Yachet, both buried on the Mount of Olives (her grave card: “wife of the late R’ Tuvia Gedalia Freund of Karol in Hungary”). Father’s name, mother’s name and Jerusalem agree, so he is now in the tree as R’ Tuvia Gedalia’s son (Confirmed) — a first cousin of Reb Chaim. His wives and children are named on his card only.
  Source: Satu Mare Orthodox Jewish cemetery database (online register and stone photograph), section 6, row 1, grave 7
• Already on the site: the rest of the section 4, row 10 cluster and related names
  Status: checked against the tree · nothing added
  These names from the same register are already on the site, so nothing new was added for them. Grave 4/10/4: Yitel (Jtel) Brettler née Freund, wife of Itzhack Zeev, father Moshe Arie (register date 1925-09-25; her stone gives 27 Elul 5685 = 16 Sep 1925, the date the tree uses). Grave 4/10/5: “Paskesz Lea Niszel, Moshe Morne”, father Moshe Ari, died 1922-10-27. Her stone reads מרת ניסל לאה ע״ה / בת הרה״ח מו״ה משה ארי׳ ז״ל / נכדת הרה״צ מו״ה ישוע ז״ל מקראלי / אשת הרבני מו״ה משה פאשקעס נ״י / נפטרה … חשון תרפ״ג, meaning “Mrs Nisel Leah, daughter of Rabbi Moshe Ari, granddaughter of the righteous Rabbi Yehoshua of Kroli, wife of Rabbi Moshe Paskes (living), died … Cheshvan 5683”. 27 Oct 1922 = 5 Cheshvan 5683. She is Nisel Leah (Leni) Paskesz née Freund, Reb Chaim’s sister, already in the tree with this plot. Grave 4/10/6: Gitel Brettler née Stern (see the next item). Also already on the site: Rosi (Rochel) Stern née Seltenreich (Shmuel Stern’s wife); R’ Shalom Freund (Reb Chaim’s brother); Tuvia Gedalia (Tobias) Freund, the “Tobi Gadl” of his sons’ register entries; and Herman Freund, on the Open leads list as Nisel Leah’s son.
  Source: Satu Mare Orthodox Jewish cemetery database (online register and stone photographs), section 4, row 10, graves 4–6
• Gitel Brettler née Stern and her husband Osias (Yehoshua) Brettler: the stones agree; two children in the register
  Status: register entries read · both stones read, not reproduced here · Gitel already in the tree · Osias’s parentage new, pending
  Gitel’s register entry (4/10/6): “Brettler (Stern) Gitel, wife of Jehoshua Shije Osias”, mother “Seltenreich Rachel”, father “Samuel”, died 1921-05-23, aged 46. Her stone: האשה הצנועה החשובה המפורסמת / מרת גיטל ע״ה / בת מו״ה שמואל ע״ה / אשת חיל עטרת בעלה / מו״ה יהושע ברעטלער ע״ה / נפטרה ט״ו אייר תרפ״א, meaning “the modest, worthy and well-known woman Mrs Gitel, daughter of Rabbi Shmuel, a woman of valour, the crown of her husband, the late Rabbi Yehoshua Brettler; died 15 Iyar 5681” (= 23 May 1921). Osias’s register entry (section 6, row 9, grave 27): “Brettler Osias Jehoshua, husband of Stern Gizella, merchant, Zrinyi str. 23”, mother “Freund Gittel”, father “Izsak Itzhack Zeev”, died 1914-10-05, aged 40. His stone: מו״ה יהושע / בן מו״ה יצחק זאב ברעטטלער, meaning “Rabbi Yehoshua, son of Rabbi Yitzchak Zeev Brettler”; it dates his death to Sukkot (5 Oct 1914 = 15 Tishrei 5675). The discrepancy is smaller than it looks. “Gizella” is the usual Hungarian civil form of Gitel, and Gitel’s stone calls her husband Yehoshua Brettler, already dead in 1921. Both point to the same couple. His father Yitzchak Zeev is the husband named on Yitel Brettler née Freund’s stone (4/10/4), so the register’s mother “Freund Gittel” is probably Yitel née Freund, Reb Chaim’s sister. If so, Osias was Reb Chaim’s nephew, and he married Chaya Stern’s sister. That reading is not proven: no birth record of Osias has been seen. The register also lists two of their children, from the State Archive, with no grave located: Rozália Brettler, Zrínyi str. 24, mother “Stern Gitl, Osziasz”, died 1912-03-28 aged 1½; and Jolán Brettler, Zrínyi str. 23, mother “Stern Gitl”, father “Ossias”, died 1918-06-26 aged 3. Jolán’s age puts her birth around 1915, close to or after her father’s death in Oct 1914. A different child, Jolán Jitl Brettler, d. 1929, daughter of Asher Jakab (section 12, row 8, grave 1a), is not theirs. One further open question: Tuvia Freund’s wife, Malka née Brettler, is recorded as a daughter of R’ Yehoshua Brettler. Whether that is this Osias Yehoshua is not shown by any record. Next step: the 1904 Satu Mare marriage and the children’s civil entries.
  Source: Satu Mare Orthodox Jewish cemetery database (online register and stone photographs), section 4, row 10, grave 6 and section 6, row 9, grave 27; State Archive entries for Rozália (1912) and Jolán (1918)
• Reizel (Reiza) Freund, wife of R’ Shalom Freund of Sighet, d. 14 Jan 1941: her grave. Added to the tree 23 Oct
  Status: register entry read · stone read, not reproduced here · added to the tree 23 Oct 2026 (Confirmed, as Shalom’s wife)
  Register: “Freund Rachel Rejzel, Shalom Salamonne” (wife of Shalom/Salamon), father “Abraham”, died 1941-01-14, section 8, row 4, grave 30. Her stone reads, in part: … גזע קודש נכדת גדולים וקדושים הגאון חכם צבי והגאון ברוך טעם ז״ל / היתה צנועה חסידה וישרה / מרת רייצא רייזל ע״ה / בת ר׳ אברהם ז״ל / אשת ר׳ שלום נ״י / בר משה ארי׳ פריינד ז״ל מסיגעט / נפטרה ג׳ שמות שנת תש״א ט״ו טבת. That means “… of holy stock, descendant of great and holy men, the Gaon Chacham Tzvi and the Gaon of the Baruch Taam; she was modest, pious and upright, Mrs Reiza Reizel, daughter of R’ Avraham, wife of R’ Shalom (then living), son of R’ Moshe Ari Freund of Sighet; died on the Tuesday of the week of Shemot, 15 Tevet 5701” (= 14 Jan 1941). This fits the tree’s R’ Shalom Freund, Reb Chaim’s brother, who married Racza Sne, daughter of Abraham, at Sighet in 1883, and who had daughters there with Reizel (Racze) Sneer. The stone marks Shalom as living in Jan 1941, which agrees with the tree’s 1943 death. Because the stone names her husband, his father and the town, she was added to the tree on 23 Oct 2026 as R’ Shalom’s wife (Confirmed). Her descent from the Chacham Tzvi and the Baruch Taam is the stone’s own claim and is not treated as proven.
  Source: Satu Mare Orthodox Jewish cemetery database (online register and stone photograph), section 8, row 4, grave 30
• Jetl (Lina) Fleischmann née Freund, d. 29 Nov 1917 — daughter of R’ Tuvia Gedalia of Kroli: now in the tree
  Status: register entries read · her stone read 23 Oct 2026 · moved into the tree (Confirmed); her husband is a spouse only
  Register: “Fleischmann Jetl Vilmosne” (wife of Vilmos), mother’s column “Freund”, father “Tobi Gadl”, died 1917-11-29, section 6, row 2, grave 9, with the note “apja lisztes” (her father a flour merchant). Her husband: “Fleischmann Vilmos Zeev, husband of Freund Lina, leather dealer, Kazinczy str. 14”, father Herman Zwi, died 1915-09-02 aged 85 (6/2/8). A son, Adolf Asher Anshel Fleischmann, mother Jetl, father Zeev, died 1931-12-22 aged 57 (6/2/7). Her stone, read on 23 Oct 2026, settles it: “… daughter of the tzaddik R’ Tuvia Gedalia Freund, granddaughter of the tzaddik R’ Yehoshua Freund”. Father and grandfather both match the tree (R’ Tuvia Gedalia of Kroli, son of R’ Yehoshua of Kroli), so she is now in the tree as his daughter (Confirmed). Her husband, Vilmos (R’ Zeev) Fleischmann, d. 2 Sep 1915 aged 85 (6/2/8), and their son Adolf Asher Anshel (6/2/7) are named on her card only. The Tuvia Freund, flour merchant, of the Satu Mare memorial book is a different, later man.
  Source: Satu Mare Orthodox Jewish cemetery database (online register and stone photographs), section 6, row 2, graves 7–9
• Béla (Baruch) Freund, d. 14 Jan 1947, aged 19, and Herman (Zvi) Freund, d. 2 Feb 1944, aged 20: sons of Tuvia Gedalia. Already on the site
  Status: register entries read · Béla’s stone read · already named on his father’s card · mother’s name differs
  Register: “Freund Bela Baruch”, mother “Eszter”, father “Tobi Gadl”, died 1947-01-14, aged 19 (6/2/4). His stone names him Baruch, son of R’ Tuvia Gedalia Freund, aged 19, died in Tevet 5707. “Freund Herman Zwi”, mother “Eszter”, father “Tobi Gadli”, died 1944-02-02, aged 20 (12/10/22). Both boys are already named on their father Tuvia Gedalia Freund’s card. A difference to check: the register gives their mother as Eszter, while the tree has Tuvia’s wife as Malka née Brettler. This could mean an earlier wife, or a civil name for Malka. Both values are kept; no change.
  Source: Satu Mare Orthodox Jewish cemetery database (online register and stone photograph), section 6, row 2, grave 4 and section 12, row 10, grave 22
• Rachel Braun: two register entries, neither linked
  Status: register entries read · new, pending · not proven related
  The register has two women of this name. (1) “Braun Rachel”, father “Arie”, died 1922-10-12, section 11, row 11, grave 21; the photo link on this entry points to another person’s stone, so no stone was read. (2) “Braun Rachel”, father “Itzhack”, no date, section 11, row 12, grave 24, no photo. Neither father’s name matches a Braun in the tree. Babi’s mother’s line is the Kisvárda Brauns: Nachman, son of József. No record links either woman to the family.
  Source: Satu Mare Orthodox Jewish cemetery database (online register), section 11, row 11, grave 21 and section 11, row 12, grave 24
• Other Freund households in the register (separate families, not proven related)
  Status: register entries read · stone photos seen, not reproduced here · pending only
  (1) Samuel Freund, grain merchant, Szirmai u. 1, and Berta Grosz: their children Ella Eszter, died 1900-12-28 aged 6 (7/5/2), and Jenő Jakab, died 1900-12-24 aged 5 (7/5/3), share one stone (Hebrew names אסתר and יעקב; “Freund Ella 1894–1900, Freund Jenő 1895–1900”). (2) Itzhack Freund and Rivka Perlstein: Jakab Haym Majer, died 1926-10-28 aged 22 (6/12/30); Ilona Haya, died 1928-12-11 aged 10 (12/7A/11; stone: “the child Chaya, daughter of R’ Yitzchak Freund (then living)”, died the third day of Chanukah 5689); and Zwi, a child, father Itzhack, died 1931-11-07 (12/7A/19; stone: “the child Zvi, son of R’ Yitzchak Freund”). An Izsák Itzhack Freund died 1932-03-29 (15/7/3). No record links either household to Reb Chaim’s family. Two nearby graves, a coincidence of date and a coincidence of place, are noted but prove nothing. Jakab Haym Majer died the same day as Chaya Freund née Stern. Ilona Haya lies next to Feiga (12/7A/10). Checked again on 23 Oct 2026: Reb Chaim’s son Yitzchak (b. 1891, wife Dina Rosenwasser) cannot be the father of Jakab Haym Majer, who was born about 1904 to Itzhack Freund and Rivka Perlstein; Ilona Haya and Zwi carry the same parents in the register. So this household is not his. Lying next to Feiga in row 12/7A is a children’s row, filled by date, not a family plot.
  Source: Satu Mare Orthodox Jewish cemetery database (online register and stone photographs)
• Chaya and Gitel Stern as sisters, and Rochel Seltenreich as the mother of both
  Status: checked against the tree and the records · already in the tree (both Confirmed as daughters of Shmuel Stern and Rochel Seltenreich)
  The tree already has Chaya (Betty) Freund née Stern (c.1865) and Gitel Brettler née Stern (b. 2 Apr 1874, Kurima) as daughters of Shmuel (Samuel) Stern and Rosi (Rochel) Seltenreich. The records behind it: the 1869 Kurima census (family 2107, as indexed) lists Samuel Stern with his wife Rachel née Seltenreich and their children Chaja (b. 1865) and Joszef (b. 1867); Gitel’s 1874 Kurima birth entry; Chaya’s 1884 Sighet marriage (“of Kurima, daughter of Samuel”); and the stones, which name the father of each as Shmuel (Chaya’s renewed stone: Shmuel Stern). The cemetery register gives Rachel Seltenreich as Gitel’s mother; it gives no mother for Chaya, and neither stone names a mother. Their graves lie three places apart in the same row (4/10/3 and 4/10/6). So the census, read as an index, is what names Rochel as Chaya’s mother; the original census page has not been seen. Grave adjacency adds nothing by itself. No change.
  Source: 1869 census, Kurima, family 2107 (as indexed) · Kurima Jewish births 1874 · Máramarossziget Jewish marriages 1884 · Satu Mare Orthodox Jewish cemetery database, section 4, row 10, graves 3 and 6
• R’ Moshe Aryeh Freund (1903–1996), Ga’avad of the Edah HaCharedit in Jerusalem: Babi’s second cousin (Likely). Added to the tree 23 Oct, with his father R’ Yisrael of Hunyad
  Status: his own pages read · added to tree 23 Oct (both Likely) · portraits linked only (none is free to reuse)
  Not the same man as the tree’s Moshe Aryeh (Mózes) Freund, born 13 Nov 1903 at Satu Mare, Reb Chaim’s son (Babi’s uncle): the Ga’avad’s father was R’ Yisrael Freund. His gravestone on the Mount of Olives (photograph seen) calls him “R’ Moshe Aryeh, son of … R’ Yisrael Freund, Av Beit Din of Hunyad, son of … R’ Avraham Yehoshua, Av Beit Din of Nasoid”, rav and Av Beit Din of the Ashkenazi communities of Jerusalem, died 20 Elul 5756 (4 Sep 1996). The online encyclopedia article and a 2023 BoroPark24 article say the same: son of R’ Yisrael, rav of Hunyad, and grandson of R’ Avraham Yehoshua of Năsăud; married Bila, daughter of R’ Baruch, rav of Fír; rav in Năsăud and Reghin and a dayan in Satu Mare before the war; his wife and eight children were taken from him in 1944; after the war he served in Satu Mare, then went to Jerusalem; Ra’avad of the Edah HaCharedit from 1979 and its Ga’avad from 1989. Birth year: 6 Tishrei 5664 = 27 Sep 1903 (an online encyclopedia); 1904 (BoroPark24); 1902 (a dealer’s catalogue). All kept. Hunyad is Bánffyhunyad (Huedin), settled on 25 Oct 2026 by Új Kelet (1 Jan 1937) and Spitzer’s reference (entry 53). How he is related: R’ Avraham Yehoshua of Năsăud is in the tree as Reb Chaim’s brother (Likely, from published biographies), so the Ga’avad is a great-grandson of R’ Moshe Aryeh of Sighet, like Babi — her second cousin, Likely. He and his father, R’ Yisrael Freund of Hunyad (Babi’s first cousin once removed), were added to the tree on 23 Oct 2026, both graded Likely because the link rests on R’ Avraham Yehoshua being Reb Chaim’s brother. Portraits: an online encyclopedia’s photo is marked there as copyrighted and used under fair use, and the news and catalogue photos are not licensed, so none is shown here.
  Source: an online encyclopedia, “משה אריה פריינד” (read 23 Oct 2026; text CC BY-SA, photo fair use only): https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93 · BoroPark24, “Living Legacy: Rav Moshe Aryeh Freund, zt”l”, 31 Aug 2023: https://www.boropark24.com/news/living-legacy-rav-moshe-aryeh-freund-zt-l · his gravestone, Mount of Olives (news photograph, link only) · Genazym sale 606, item 193 (his signed 1946 letter from Satu Mare)
• Reb Chaim Freund’s own books, stamped with his name: Yetev Panim (Munkács 1883) and Yetev Lev (Sighet 1875)
  Status: two dealers’ catalogue pages read · stamps seen and transcribed · images not reproduced here · ownership Likely
  1) Yetev Panim by R’ Yekutiel Yehuda Teitelbaum of Sighet (Munkács: P. Blayer, 1883). The title page carries a Latin-letter stamp reading “FREUND CHAIM / Satu-Mare” and an oval Hebrew stamp “חיים פריינד / סאטמאר” (Chaim Freund / Satmar); the catalogue says there are many such stamps through the book and on the binding. Sold in Jerusalem by the Qumran bookshop, sale 29, 3 Mar 2025, item 26382. Its short biography says R’ Chaim was born in 5625 (1864/65) to R’ Moshe Aryeh Freund “rosh hakahal of Satmar”, studied with the Yetev Lev and at the Maharam Schick’s yeshiva, led the Satmar community, went up to Jerusalem in old age and “apparently” died there in 5708 (1948), buried at Sheikh Badr. 2) Yetev Lev, first printing (Sighet 1875), volume 2: many stamps “חיים פריינד - סאטו-מארע” (Chaim Freund – Satu Mare), offered by a Jerusalem dealer in its sale 54, item 136. Its biography gives c. 5625 – 5710 (c.1865–1950), born in Sighet to R’ Moshe Aryeh, rosh hakahal of Sighet; a member of the Yetev Lev’s household as a boy; a pupil of the Maharam Schick at Huszt; a founder of the Satmar community in Jerusalem. Conflicts kept, not resolved: the year of death (1948 in the first, 5710 in the second; the tree has 6 Nisan 5710 = 24 Mar 1950); the birth year (5625 in both, against 18/19 Nov 1863 in the tree); and whether his father led the community of Satmar or of Sighet (the tree, from the Sighet sources and the civil death act, has Sighet). That the stamps are this Reb Chaim is Likely (name, town and the biographies agree).
  Source: Qumran (Jerusalem), sale 29, 3 Mar 2025, item 26382 — online catalogue on the bidspirit site (read 23 Oct 2026) · a Jerusalem dealer’s sale 54, item 136, online catalogue (read 23 Oct 2026)
• R’ Avraham Yehoshua Freund of Năsăud: his handwritten dedication, and his book Maor Yehoshua
  Status: catalogue page read · book’s catalogue page read · cited only, not reproduced
  A dedication handwritten and signed by R’ Avraham Yehoshua Freind in a copy of the Maharam Schick’s responsa (Munkács 1881). The catalogue’s note: born 5616 (1855/56); a pupil of the Maharam Schick at Huszt and a follower of R’ Chaim of Sanz; son-in-law of R’ Mordechai Yehuda Lev, Av Beit Din of Itardam, whom he succeeded in 1905, with nearby Năsăud; later a rebbe followed across Transylvania; died 1932 and buried in Satu Mare; grandfather of R’ Moshe Aryeh Freund of Jerusalem. His responsa Maor Yehoshua are free to read on HebrewBooks (book 1939); its front matter has no portrait. The tree already has him (Likely) with birth 12 Tammuz 5615 and death 11 Elul 5692; 5616 is kept beside it.
  Source: Genazym sale 598, item 24 (online catalogue, read 23 Oct 2026) · HebrewBooks.org book 1939, Meor Yehoshua: https://hebrewbooks.org/1939
• Checked and not linked: an oral history of a Deborah Freund of Satu Mare; Sefer Marmaros plates; museum photographs of Sighet
  Status: catalogue records read · no link to this family found · not added
  An oral history interview with a Deborah Freund of Satu Mare (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, RG-50.677.0005, 2014): nothing in its summary names anyone in this tree, and she is not one of Sender Freund’s children; not added (her details are left out under the living-person rule). Sefer Marmaros: the plates sampled carry no caption naming Freund, Rosner, Pacht, Braun or Kaufman (negative). The museum’s photograph of Sighet community leaders, c. 1928–30, names nobody (Possible context only). Its photograph 41625 shows a Fried family of Satu Mare, not Freund (negative). Babi’s displaced-persons card (Arolsen Archives, doc. 67083498, folder DP1083) was re-checked in the Arolsen online collections: it is already on the site; the back of the card is blank.
  Source: USHMM collections, RG-50.677.0005: https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/irn90193 · Sefer Marmaros (JewishGen translation) · USHMM photo archive · Arolsen Archives online collections, doc. 67083498
• The Charif and Taz line through Chaya Freund’s mother: what is proven and what is not
  Status: stones, registers and printed genealogies read · pending only · the tree is not changed
  Chaya Freund née Stern’s renewed stone (Satu Mare 4/10/3) calls her a descendant of “the Gaon R’ Yosef Charif” and of “our master, the author of the Turei Zahav” (the Taz, R’ David HaLevi Segal, 1586–1667). The entries below follow that claim up through her mother, Rochel Seltenreich. Summary of grades: Babi → Sender → Chaya → Shmuel Stern and Rochel Seltenreich, Confirmed; Rochel → her parents Alexander (Sender) Seltenreich and Leitza, Confirmed; Leitza → her father R’ Yosef HaLevi Lichtig, “R’ Yosseleh Charif”, Confirmed (a published family genealogy, Munkács 1939, p. 11, with Rochel’s stone; Leitza is now in the tree); R’ Yosef → his father R’ Tzvi Hirsch HaLevi of Dąbrowa, Likely. The stretch from the Taz down to R’ Tzvi Hirsch is unproven: the one to three generations between them are not named in any reliable source, and the published versions conflict. Apart from Leitza, the family tree on this site is not changed by any of this; these entries stay here until original records reconcile them.
  Source: see each entry below
• Rochel (Rosi) Stern née Seltenreich: her gravestone, Mount of Olives, Jerusalem
  Status: grave database transcription read · stone photo seen (online forum photo; link only, not reproduced here) · already in the tree · Confirmed
  The Mount of Olives grave database (grave card 74985) transcribes her stone, verbatim: “פ"נ האשה הח' מ' רחל בר' אלכסנדר / נכדת הרה"ג ר' יוסף חריף אבד"ק זבאריב / ונכדת רבינו בעל הט"ז ז"ל / אה"ר שמואל שטערן / נ' כ"ו אדר תרע"ז תנצב"ה”. In English: “Here lies the distinguished woman, Mrs Rachel, daughter of R’ Alexander, granddaughter of the great rabbi R’ Yosef Charif, Av Beit Din of the holy community of Zborov, and granddaughter of our master the author of the Turei Zahav, of blessed memory; [wife of] R’ Shmuel Stern; died 26 Adar 5677. May her soul be bound in the bond of life.” The photograph of the stone, read line by line, agrees. She died on 26 Adar 5677 = 20 Mar 1917, Jerusalem; buried on the Mount of Olives, Perushim plot, Middle Block 2, section ג, row 8, grave 32. Grade: Confirmed (her stone and the grave database). The earlier reading “5676 = 1916” was a misreading of a low-resolution photograph; the last letter is ז, and 5677 was not a leap year, so the date is settled and the old conflict is removed. The word נכדת means both “granddaughter” and “descendant” (the same stone uses it for the Taz, about eight generations back): her descent from R’ Yosef Charif is Confirmed as stated on her stone; that she was his literal granddaughter is Likely.
  Source: Mount of Olives grave database, grave card 74985: https://cityofdavid.org.il/locating-graves-mount-of-olives/grave-card/?grave-card=74985 · memorial index: https://neshama.net/memorials/173804 · a photograph of the stone on an online forum (link only, not reproduced here)
• R’ Yosef HaLevi Lichtig, “R’ Yosseleh Charif” (1773 Dąbrowa – 10 Kislev 5617 = 7 Dec 1856, Zborov), Av Beit Din of Dąbrowa and Zborov: Leitza Seltenreich’s father
  Status: printed genealogy, stone and register read · Leitza as his daughter Confirmed · he himself pending only
  Amudei Esh le-Beit Yosef (Munkács 1939), introduction p. 11, read on the page itself: R’ Yosef “raised only two daughters … the first, Mrs Shprintza, wife of R’ Elyakim [Weiss] … the second, Mrs Leitza, wife of R’ Alexander Zeltenreich of Zbarab”. Rochel’s stone calls her his granddaughter. The 1853 Bardejov-district Jewish marriage register (Zboró, entry 1) names the officiant as “Rabbiner Josef Lichtig”. Zborov, not Zbaraż: the 1853 Zboró register (“Rabbiner Josef Lichtig”) settles the town, with Rochel’s stone (זבאריב), Meshovev Netivot (1903: Zborov and Sáros county) and Klilat Yofi (1888: “in the land of Hungary”); “Zbaraż” in later family anecdotes is kept as a variant only. With Rochel’s stone (“daughter of R’ Alexander, granddaughter of R’ Yosef Charif”), Leitza → R’ Yosef is Confirmed, and Leitza is now in the tree as Rochel’s mother. Rochel’s mother is “Ratza” in the 1858 original; Leitza = Ratza is Likely (name form). The book’s title page calls him “a descendant of our masters the Turei Zahav, the Mash’at Binyamin and the Beit Shmuel” (“נין ונכד לרבותינו הטורי זהב והמשאת בנימין והבית שמואל”); it names no grandfather. The 1903 Meshovev Netivot says Taz and Bach instead; both are kept as printed. Grade for R’ Yosef himself: Likely (pending only). Third printed source (read 23 Oct): Shulchan HaEzer vol. 2, note (א), calls R’ Sender Zeltenreich “son-in-law of the Gaon R’ Yosef Charif, Av Beit Din of Zborov, who was a grandson of the Taz” — so Leitza → R’ Yosef rests on three sources. Her name forms: “Ratza” (1858), “Lacza” (1848 census) and “Lina” (1904 death entry of her daughter Jehides); Lichtig is her maiden name in both records; Leitza = Ratza stays Likely as a name form. The 1848 census also lists “Lichtig Joseph, 72, rabbi” in Zboró (see the census entry above).
  Source: Amudei Esh le-Beit Yosef (Munkács 1939), title page and introduction p. 11 · Rochel’s gravestone, Mount of Olives · Bardejov-district Jewish marriage register 1853, entry 1 · Klilat Yofi vol. 1 (Kraków 1888) p. 60 · Shulchan HaEzer vol. 2, note (א) (Berehovo, between the wars; HebrewBooks.org 8556, PDF p. 281) · 1848 census of Zboró, households 215 and 226
• R’ Tzvi Hirsch HaLevi, “Hirshele Leitzes”, Av Beit Din of Dąbrowa from 1780, d. 13 Tishrei 5563 or 5564 (1802/1803); wife Leitza: R’ Yosef Charif’s father
  Status: printed genealogy read · Likely · pending only
  Klilat Yofi vol. 1 p. 60 names him as R’ Yosef’s father and says his gravestone at Dąbrowa recorded his descent from the Taz; that stone is not known to survive. His death year is unresolved: 13 Tishrei 5563 (9 Oct 1802) in one printed genealogy, 5564 (29 Sep 1803) in another and in a yahrzeit list; both are kept. The 1939 Amudei Esh, introduction p. 9, read on the page itself, gives “בשנת תקס״ד י״ג תשרי” — 13 Tishrei 5564 = 29 Sep 1803 (Likely for 5564: the 1939 family book and a printed genealogy); 5563 rests on a later re-issue, not yet seen. Conflict kept. Grade: Likely.
  Source: Klilat Yofi vol. 1 (Kraków 1888) p. 60 · Amudei Esh le-Beit Yosef (Munkács 1939), title page · Wunder, Meorei Galicia vol. 3 p. 506, vol. 5 p. 211 · Amudei Esh le-Beit Yosef (Munkács 1939), introduction p. 9
• Descent from the Taz (R’ David HaLevi Segal, 1586–1667): the gap
  Status: family tradition · unproven · gap kept open
  Descent from the Taz: family tradition on 3 stones and in 3 books; the line above R’ Tzvi Hirsch is unproven. R’ Tzvi Hirsch, R’ Yosef Charif and Leitza are now in the tree; the tree stops at R’ Tzvi Hirsch. The claim is old and repeated: on stones of 1917, 1926 and 1947, and in print in 1888, 1903 and 1939. But the generations between the Taz’s son R’ Shmuel HaLevi and R’ Tzvi Hirsch of Dąbrowa are not known. The published versions (through a R’ David Segal “Stern” and/or a R’ Avraham Segal of Dąbrowa) conflict with each other, and the family’s own genealogist does not accept them. The 1939 book does not name Avraham: its front matter names no father for R’ Tzvi Hirsch, so “Avraham” rests only on one unseen 1985 pamphlet (p. 7) and a list derived from it (Possible). Summary: the claim is old and consistent; the line from the Taz down to R’ Tzvi Hirsch is unproven, and the names offered in other versions (“Avraham”, “David Segal Stern”) are not supported by the sources read and are not used. Inference only, kept separate: R’ Tzvi Hirsch’s father was probably a HaLevi named Stern (Likely). Grade: Likely as a family tradition; the line itself, from the Taz down to R’ Tzvi Hirsch, is unproven. Read on the pages (23 Oct): the Shem MiShimon introduction by the author’s son calls R’ Shimon Sterin HaLevi “grandson of the Bach and the Taz” and names no father or grandfather (Confirmed as printed). Klilat Yofi vol. 1 p. 60 says R’ Tzvi Hirsch’s stone at Dąbrowa recorded that he was “of the descendants of the Taz”, and names his two sons, R’ Yaakov of Wolbrom (later Kraków) and R’ Yosef Charif; it names no generation in between (Likely for the stone’s claim; the stone is lost). Shulchan HaEzer vol. 2 calls R’ Yosef Charif “a grandson of the Taz” (Confirmed as printed). A lead on the Taz’s descendants: a 2019 Hebrew news article reports that the grave of R’ Yehuda Leib, son of R’ Shmuel HaLevi, son of the Taz, was located at Verecke (Nyzhni Vorota, Ukraine) and given a new stone with the date Chol HaMoed Pesach 5507 (1747). No inscription is in hand, and nothing ties him to R’ Tzvi Hirsch. Lead only.
  Source: Klilat Yofi vol. 1 p. 60 · Amudei Esh le-Beit Yosef (1939) · Rochel’s and Chaya’s gravestones · Sender Freund’s gravestone · Shem MiShimon, introduction p. 2 (HebrewBooks.org 35249) · Shulchan HaEzer vol. 2, note (א) (Berehovo, between the wars; HebrewBooks.org 8556, PDF p. 281) · a 2019 Hebrew news article on the Verecke grave
• R’ Tzvi Hirsch Weiss (b. 1817/18 Zborov), rabbi of Zborov and later Dąbrowa: officiant at Shmuel and Rochel’s wedding, 1858
  Status: register read · cousin branch, not a direct ancestor
  The Zboró marriage of 13 Jul 1858 was performed by “Rabbiner Hersch Weisz”. He was Rochel’s first cousin, a son of Sprintza, daughter of R’ Yosef Charif; his wife Sarah was a daughter of the Maharam Ash of Ungvár. Grade: Confirmed for the officiant’s name in the register; Likely for his identity and kinship.
  Source: Bardejov-district Jewish marriage register 1858, p. 205 · Kuntres Amudei HaEsh (Bnei Brak 2008) pp. 1–9 · Klilat Yofi vol. 1 p. 60
• Shmuel Stern, rosh hakahal (community head) of Kurima: letters from the Shinever Rav, 1893 and 1894
  Status: published letters read · Confirmed as published
  Two letters of the Shinever Rav addressed to Shmuel Stern as head of the Kurima community. Grade: Confirmed as published letters. A forum note says Shmuel Stern is buried on the Mount of Olives near his wife; that is a lead only.
  Source: Divrei Yechezkel HaChadash §§33, 62, reprinted in a biography of R’ Eliyahu, dayan of Kurima (HebrewBooks.org 22048, p. 43)
• Shmuel Stern’s father: Anshel (Amsel) in the 1858 record; a Mount of Olives grave of “Shmuel Heizel son of R’ Aryeh Leib Stern” (1916)
  Status: grave database entry read · conflict · Possible at most · not in the tree
  The 1858 Zboró marriage names the groom’s parents as “Amsel and Gitel” (the tree’s Anshel and Gitel Stern), and the tree keeps that. The Mount of Olives grave database, card 70931, lists Shmuel Heizel son of R’ Aryeh Leib Stern (שטרן), d. 5 Sivan 5676 = 6 Jun 1916, Middle Block 2, section טו, row 8, grave 17. The father’s name conflicts with the 1858 record, and Rochel’s stone of March 1917 has no “of blessed memory” after her husband’s name, a weak hint he was still living. Grade that card 70931 is Babi’s great-grandfather: Possible at most, leaning against. Nothing is merged.
  Source: Bardejov-district Jewish marriage register 1858, p. 205 · Mount of Olives grave database, grave card 70931: https://cityofdavid.org.il/locating-graves-mount-of-olives/grave-card/?grave-card=70931 · Rochel’s gravestone (card 74985)
• Chain S: R’ Shimon Stern HaLevi of Dąbrowa
  Status: two printed originals read · a separate chain, merged with nothing · pending only
  Amudei Esh le-Beit Yosef (Munkács 1939), p. 8, says that after R’ Yosef Charif’s branch took the name Lichtig, “the rest of his relatives remained with the name Stern or Lebenheim” (שטערן או לעבענהיים), and that when R’ Yosef left Dąbrowa he left R’ Shimon Stern, author of Shem MiShimon, as Av Beit Din in his place, “for he was his cousin” (כי הי' בן דודו). That the book says so: Confirmed. That the two men really were cousins: Likely. The title page of Shem MiShimon (Lemberg, about 1870–74) calls the author R’ Shimon Stern “נין ונכד לרבינו הב"ח והט"ז” (a descendant of the Bach and the Taz) and Av Beit Din of Dąbrowa; his son’s introduction calls him HaLevi. Confirmed as printed. Neither book names R’ Shimon’s father or grandfather. The Taz married the Bach’s daughter (an online encyclopedia), so “the Bach and the Taz” can describe one line of descent, not two. Grade: Likely as a family tradition; the generations are not established. What follows from it, as an inference only: R’ Tzvi Hirsch’s father was likely a HaLevi named Stern (Likely). The given name Avraham, which other versions use, is not supported by these books. This chain is kept separate from the other published versions of the descent and is merged with nothing.
  Source: Amudei Esh le-Beit Yosef (Munkács 1939), p. 8 (HebrewBooks.org 16) · Shem MiShimon, title page and introduction (HebrewBooks.org 35249)
• Sender Freund’s gravestone, Satu Mare 15/7/4: its lineage line
  Status: stone read · the stone says so: Confirmed · pending only
  The stone, under “son of R’ Chaim Freund, and his mother’s name was Chaya” (“ושם אמו חי׳”), calls him a “descendant of the Gaon R’ Yosef Charif, of the author of the Turei Zahav, of the Gaon R’ Simcha HaKohen Rapoport and of our master the Maharam of Lublin”. That the stone says so: Confirmed. The word “Charif” is Likely letter by letter (the only photograph is small). The stone names no Seltenreich and no generation in between; the descent is consistent with coming through his mother Chaya. Which side of the family the Rapoport and Maharam of Lublin names come from is unknown (Possible).
  Source: Satu Mare Orthodox Jewish cemetery database, section 15, row 7, grave 4 (stone photograph, not reproduced here)
• Fejge (Fanni) Freund, wife of Jehezkel, d. 20 Jul 1913, Satu Mare Orthodox 04/10/02 — the household of Jehezkel Zvi Freund, community president
  Status: register entries read · her stone photo is missing on the registry (the link returns a not-found page; checked again 23 Oct 2026: no other filename on the registry answers, the neighbouring photos of 4/10/1a and 4/10/3 do not show her stone legibly, and the burial registry record J_MARAMURE_0001496 — “Mrs. Feiga Freund”, spouse Yechezkel, 4/10/2 — has no image) · her daughter’s stone read · not related as far as any record shows
  Register: “Freund Fejge Jehezkelne” (wife of Jehezkel), mother Mindel, d. 20 Jul 1913 (4/10/2). Her husband is very probably “Freund Jehezkel Zwi, produce dealer, Eötvös utca 11, husband of Spitz Fanni”, father József, d. 3 Apr 1912 aged 66, “president of the Jewish community” (6/1/9; his stone is too worn to read in the photograph) — Fanni being the usual civil form of Feige. Their daughter: “Frankl Etija, wife of Jehezkel Mihály”, father “Freund Jehezkel”, d. 22 Jun 1924 (4/10/1a), whose stone calls her “daughter of the renowned, wealthy leader of the community R’ Yechezkel Freund, of blessed memory; died 20 Sivan 5684”; her husband Mihály Jehezkel Frankl (d. 1941) lies at 4/10/1. Row 4/10 also holds Chaya Freund née Stern (4/10/3), Yitel Brettler (4/10/4), Nisel Leah Paskesz (4/10/5) and Gitel Brettler (4/10/6), but its burials run 1913–1941 out of order: it was a row for leading families, and lying there does not prove kinship. No record ties Jehezkel Zvi (son of József, b. about 1846) to R’ Moshe Aryeh’s family. Not proven related.
  Source: Satu Mare Orthodox cemetery photographic registry (szatmar.us), https://szatmar.us/db/ortodox.html, section 4, row 10, graves 1, 1a and 2; section 6, row 1, grave 9
• Toldos HaYamim (New York 2001): the household of R’ Moshe Aryeh Freund of Sighet
  Status: published genealogy · Likely · supports the tree
  The family history Toldos HaYamim, as quoted in a book dealer’s catalogue, lists R’ Moshe Aryeh’s children: Avraham Yehoshua, rav of Năsăud (died 11 Elul 5692 = 12 Sep 1932), whose wife Fradil was a daughter of R’ Mordechai Yehuda Löw; Rafael of Mihăileni, who went to Eretz Yisrael (first wife Rachel Lea, daughter of Elchanan Chaim HaKohen Preis; second wife Devorah, daughter of R’ Naftali Teitelbaum); Reb Chaim, whose wife Chaya was a daughter of R’ Shmuel Stern of Kurima, “father-in-law of R’ Yehoshua Brettler”; Yitel, wife of R’ Yitzchak Zeev (Itche) Brettler; Nisel Leah (see below); Yitzchak of Sighet, whose wife Sasha was a daughter of R’ Avraham Abramowitz of Bardejov; Fradel (died 8 Elul 5666 = 29 Aug 1906, buried at Sighet), wife of R’ Yaakov Yehuda HaKohen Glick (died 18 Sivan 5695 = 19 Jun 1935); Shalom (died 18 Shevat 5703 = 24 Jan 1943; already in the tree); Yosef Shmuel, buried in Holland, whose wife was a daughter of R’ Leibush Teitelbaum; and Rivka (died 6 Tammuz 5704 = 27 Jun 1944), wife of R’ Shalom Stein of Pest. This matches the tree’s Reb Chaim and Chaya Stern, Yitel Brettler, Fradel (m. Jakob Leib Glück, 1874), Izsák (m. Szászi Abrahamovits) and Rifke (m. Salamon Stein, 1882), and it confirms that Babi’s great-grandmother Chaya was R’ Shmuel Stern’s daughter. Grade: Likely (published genealogy, read in the catalogue’s quotation; the book itself not seen).
  Source: Hebrew catalogue of a Jerusalem book dealer, sale 262, lot 283 (Avnei Tzedek, Lemberg 1885), quoting Toldos HaYamim (New York 2001)
• Yosef Shmuel Freund, son of R’ Moshe Aryeh (buried in Holland)
  Status: published genealogy · Possible · not in the tree
  Toldos HaYamim makes Yosef Shmuel a son of R’ Moshe Aryeh, married to a daughter of R’ Leibush Teitelbaum and buried in Holland, and a copy of Avnei Tzedek (Lemberg 1885) from the family carries his ownership note and signature, “Yosef Shmuel Freund”. The tree’s note on R’ Yehoshua of Kroli lists a Yosef Shmuel among Yehoshua’s own sons, so there may be two men of that name, an uncle and a nephew. Both readings are kept. Grade: Possible (no civil record seen).
  Source: Hebrew catalogue of a Jerusalem book dealer, sale 262, lot 283 (Avnei Tzedek, Lemberg 1885), quoting Toldos HaYamim (New York 2001), and the signature seen in the dealer’s photograph
• Nisel Leah’s first husband: R’ Yitzchak Meir Freund, son of R’ Tuvia Gedalya of Kroli
  Status: published genealogy · Likely · supports open lead
  Toldos HaYamim says that Nisel Leah married first her cousin R’ Yitzchak Meir Freund, son of her uncle R’ Tuvia Gedalya of Kroli (Nagykároly), and secondly Moshe Paskes of Satmar. This fits the civil index entries that name her first husband as Iczik (Ignác) Freund of Nagykároly (see open leads), and the Satu Mare register’s Markusz Freund, son of Tobias, whose parents lived at Nagykároly. Grade: Likely for the identification; her sons by him stay off the tree until the original register pages are seen.
  Source: Hebrew catalogue of a Jerusalem book dealer, sale 262, lot 283 (Avnei Tzedek, Lemberg 1885), quoting Toldos HaYamim (New York 2001); Sighet marriage index (2 Sep 1897); Satu Mare Orthodox Jewish cemetery database
• Abraham Jakab Freund, son of Jehoshua (died at Satu Mare, 23 Jan 1877)
  Status: cemetery register · Likely · not in the tree
  The Satu Mare Orthodox Jewish cemetery database lists “Freund Abraham Jakab”, husband of Katalin, father Jehoshua, died 23 Jan 1877 aged 53, section 1, row 1, grave 11. The stone in the photograph is too worn to read beyond “Avraham”. The published genealogies name an Avraham Yaakov among the sons of R’ Yehoshua of Kroli, and the register’s father’s name now matches. Probably R’ Moshe Aryeh’s brother. Grade: Likely (register entry; the stone itself unreadable). Stone re-read on 23 Oct 2026: only “Avraham [Yaakov]” and “… Shevat 5637” can be made out (23 Jan 1877 = 9 Shevat 5637); his father’s name is not legible on the stone, so the father “Jehoshua” rests on the register alone. Still not in the tree.
  Source: Satu Mare Orthodox Jewish cemetery database, section 1, row 1, grave 11; Satu Mare civil deaths 1877 (index)
• Signatures in a copy of Avnei Tzedek (Lemberg 1885), as shown in a sale catalogue
  Status: the dealer’s photographs (now shown) · attribution unverified
  Transcribed from the dealer’s photographs: “Moshe Aryeh Freund, son of Rabbi Yehoshua” (Hebrew) and “Mozses Freundh MSzighet” (Hungarian) which the catalogue attributes to R’ Moshe Aryeh; an ownership note and signature of his son, “Yosef Shmuel Freund”; and stamps reading “Ignatz Freund”. The photographs are faint or upside down. Not checked again: a 1906 autograph of Reb Chaim and a 1928 copy of Keter HaRabbanut signed “Chaim Freund” (Possible until seen). Three of the dealer’s photographs (the title page and two details) are now shown, with the dealer’s credit, under R’ Moshe Aryeh in the Freund chapter of the online book. The attribution of the signatures is the catalogue’s and is unverified here; the copy is not known to have been the family’s own.
  Source: Hebrew catalogue of a Jerusalem book dealer, sale 262, lot 283 (Avnei Tzedek, Lemberg 1885)
• Sender Freund in 1944: the Oradea ghetto, then across to Romania (about August 1944)
  Status: her own account (oral history, 2016) · Likely · pending only, tree unchanged
  Babi says her father was held in the Nagyvárad (Oradea) ghetto, and that from there he was brought across into Romania in about August 1944, to the household of a brother-in-law she calls “a very well-known person in Romania”. Her brother Shia joined him there from about August, and he was back home in Satu Mare before February 1945. She does not name the in-law or the town; that is an open lead. The tree says only that he survived in hiding. Grade: Likely (her word about her father). Catalogue page
  Source: Oral history interview with Chaya Rosner, interviewer Brad Zarlin, 2016, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, RG-90.063.1890, part 1 1:31:05–1:34:37; part 2 0:00:10–0:00:41, 0:08:24, 0:12:58
• Babi in 1944–45: hiding in Satu Mare, Cluj, Budapest, and in Buda with two Nagy brothers until January 1945
  Status: her own account (oral history, 2016) · Likely · pending only, tree unchanged
  In spring 1944 she was held for two or three weeks at the police station in Satu Mare, then was in the Satu Mare ghetto, and hid in an attic with her cousin Malka Weiss, Malka’s husband and his brother (how Malka was related is not said). She was taken to Kolozsvár (Cluj) and then to Budapest, where she was released in August 1944 and stayed with her mother’s brother József Braun. She was then hidden by two Nagy brothers: first, in October–November 1944, in the apartment in Buda of Feri (Ferenc) Nagy, with four other women (“It was in Buda, not in Pest”); then, from about November 1944 until liberation, with his brother, who had worked in the Freund factory — a childless couple with a small textile workshop in a basement, on the outskirts of Budapest. A cousin, Mr Mermelstein, stayed there briefly; her cousin Rachel Freund was there too. Her father paid the brothers after the war. The surname Nagy is Likely (her own word); the first name Feri is Possible. She was liberated in January 1945 and was home in Satu Mare by about February 1945. Her route from 1948 (Prague and Karlsbad with her uncle David Rosenberg, Zurich in May 1948, Bex, a displaced persons camp in Germany (Babi recalled Bergen-Belsen; her DP card says Wentorf), New York at Rosh Hashanah 1950) is already on her card. Grade: Likely (her own life events, her own word). Catalogue page
  Source: Oral history interview with Chaya Rosner, interviewer Brad Zarlin, 2016, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, RG-90.063.1890, part 1 1:00:43–1:03:27, 1:05:47, 1:20:47–1:25:44, 1:23:42; part 2 0:08:55; part 3 0:01:20–0:08:16; second, sharper reading 2026: part 3 0:02:10–0:07:56, 0:11:26; part 1 1:24:00
• Babi and Papi, 1950–1971: Penn Street, Hewes Street, Canal Street, Crown Street, São Paulo and Boro Park
  Status: her own account (oral history, 2016) · Likely · pending only, tree unchanged
  After she landed in 1950 Babi lived first in a furnished apartment on Penn Street, Williamsburg, then on Hewes Street, Williamsburg. Her first job, from after Sukkot 1950 into 1951, was packing nylon lingerie and then T-shirts for the Army at a garment factory on Canal Street, Manhattan; she worked there about a year, until her marriage. After her marriage the couple lived with Papi’s parents on Crown Street (468 Crown Street is their address in the 1950 census). In 1952 they moved to São Paulo, where a Rosner cousin had gone to open a factory; there she worked in a stocking factory owned by “my husband and my father-in-law” called “Rensor” — Rosner read backwards, as she explains (spelling Possible). After about twenty years in Brazil they came back to Boro Park in 1971, and she then ran an import business. In Satu Mare, the family’s second factory, for thermal underwear, was called “Trikora” in Hungarian (spelling Possible). Grade: Likely (her own word; Crown Street agrees with the census). Catalogue page
  Source: Oral history interview with Chaya Rosner, interviewer Brad Zarlin, 2016, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, RG-90.063.1890, part 2 0:31:06–0:31:19, 0:33:03–0:35:57, 0:39:57–0:43:40, 0:46:14, 0:48:28–0:48:59; second, sharper reading 2026: part 2 0:31:11, 0:33:03–0:36:58, 0:43:33–0:43:45; part 1 0:03:08
• R’ Yosef (Yossel) Freund and his family went to Palestine in 1943
  Status: her own account (oral history, 2016) · Likely · pending only, tree unchanged · conflicts with the tree note
  Babi says her uncle Yossel, “a pessimist”, left for Palestine in 1943 with his whole family: his wife Reitza (as in the tree) and their children Shmuel, Rachel, Scheindel, Chana, Leibish, Yitzchak, Shia and Yudit, “all survived” (names and relation only; spellings Possible; Rachel is already in the tree). The tree’s note on him has him in the chevra kadisha of Satu Mare after the war; both readings are kept (see the list of conflicts below). Grade: Likely (her word about her uncle). Next: Palestine immigration and naturalization files. Catalogue page
  Source: Oral history interview with Chaya Rosner, interviewer Brad Zarlin, 2016, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, RG-90.063.1890, part 1 0:20:38–0:21:38; part 2 0:14:27–0:14:43
• Nachman Freund, Babi’s eldest brother, went to Palestine in 1943
  Status: her own account (oral history, 2016) · Likely · pending only, tree unchanged
  Babi says her eldest brother Nachman left for Palestine in 1943. The tree has his marriage in Jerusalem on 3 Dec 1946 and his Tel Aviv address in 1949, which fit. Grade: Likely (her word about her brother). Catalogue page
  Source: Oral history interview with Chaya Rosner, interviewer Brad Zarlin, 2016, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, RG-90.063.1890, part 1 1:04:08, 1:29:43
• R’ Anshel Freund’s children who survived: Shmuel, Leitzu and Lazer
  Status: her own account (oral history, 2016) · Likely · pending only, tree unchanged
  Babi says her uncle Anshel and his wife Chana Malka (Margit, as in the tree) had eight or nine children, and that three of them survived: Shmuel, Leitzu and Lazer (names and relation only). Shmuel is in the tree; Leitzu and Lazer are new names. Grade: Likely as her word; spellings Possible. Catalogue page
  Source: Oral history interview with Chaya Rosner, interviewer Brad Zarlin, 2016, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, RG-90.063.1890, part 1 0:19:45–0:20:27
• Reb Chaim Freund married a second time
  Status: her own account (oral history, 2016) · Likely · pending only, tree unchanged
  Babi says that her grandfather Reb Chaim, married a second time after his first wife Chaya (Babi’s namesake); she had forgotten the second wife’s name. They went to Palestine together and had no children. She lists five sons of the first marriage: Shia, Anshel, Yossel, Tuvia and Sender. Grade: Likely (her word). Catalogue page
  Source: Oral history interview with Chaya Rosner, interviewer Brad Zarlin, 2016, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, RG-90.063.1890, part 1 0:15:41–0:16:55
• Babi’s mother’s brothers and sisters, the Braun siblings: her details
  Status: her own account (oral history, 2016) · Likely as a list; matches to tree people Possible where marked · pending only, tree unchanged
  Babi names eight Braun siblings, the same eight as the tree. József: survived (now in the tree). Manus (Géza): lived at Csaholc, had land, unmarried. Shulie (Sándor): wife Ilonka, no children, lived in Debrecen. Chana: Babi’s mother. Chaya (by elimination the tree’s Ilona Helena, b. 1901 — Possible): survived; married a man she calls Hershel (Hershi; surname not given; Possible); lived at Hajdúnánás, where they had a straw-goods factory; two daughters, Goldie and one whose name is unclear; went to Israel in the late 1950s. A 1944 Hajdúnánás ghetto list now shows the tree’s Ilona Helena as the wife of Hermann Herbst of Hajdúnánás (a memorial record, item 5271008), which fits Babi’s aunt “Chaya” married to “Hershel” at Hajdúnánás (Likely). Rifka (Bella Rivka): her husband had land near Satu Mare (she calls him “Lizer”; the tree has Lipa, Lajos — see the conflict below), six or seven children, and one son survived and came back: his name is heard as Motze (Mordechai) or Moshe. Partly resolved: a memorial record (item 9420605) shows that her son Martin Kohn survived; he is now in the tree, and he is probably Babi’s “Motze” (Likely). Esther (Eszter): her husband Abram Fischer survived. Yittel (Jolán): husband David, lived at Nagybánya, a beer factory. Of those the tree records as victims, only dates and places are given on their cards. Grade: Likely (her word about her aunts and uncles). Catalogue page
  Source: Oral history interview with Chaya Rosner, interviewer Brad Zarlin, 2016, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, RG-90.063.1890, part 1 0:22:25–0:29:07; second, sharper reading 2026: part 1 0:25:59–0:28:30
• Anna Herbst, on the 1944 Hajdúnánás list: possibly a daughter of aunt Ilona and Hermann Herbst
  Status: a memorial record (the same 1944 list), not yet opened · Possible · pending only, name only
  Anna Herbst appears on the same 1944 Hajdúnánás list as Ilona Herbst née Braun and her husband Hermann. Whether she is their daughter is not yet checked. Name only. Grade: Possible.
  Source: a memorial record (the 1944 Hajdúnánás list)
• Shmuel (Pilu) Freund, Babi’s brother: born 14 Jan 1926, Satu Mare — his displaced-persons card
  Status: record read (Arolsen Archives) · Likely · pending only, tree unchanged
  An Arolsen Archives displaced-persons registration card, DocID 67083783, reads “FREUND Samuel, b. 14.1.1926, Satu-Mare”: married, knitter, Romanian, Jewish; IRO camp Ebelsberg, Linz, Upper Austria; entered Austria December 1948; assistance ended 8 Nov 1951, “USA” — he emigrated to the United States in November 1951. It sits in the same displaced-persons folder as his brother Shia’s card (67083810), already cited on the site. The card does not name his parents, but the place, the knitting trade, the late-1948 exit and the move to the USA all fit Babi’s account (she names Shmuel as the second of her brothers, after Nachman and before Shia, and says he lived in Budapest on non-Jewish papers from May 1944). Grade: Likely. It would become Confirmed with a naturalization or social security record giving the same date. Catalogue page
  Source: Arolsen Archives, DP registration card, DocID 67083783 (folder DP1084, ref. 03010101 07 211) · Oral history interview with Chaya Rosner, interviewer Brad Zarlin, 2016, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, RG-90.063.1890, part 1 0:04:30–0:04:40; part 3 0:06:19, 0:08:55; part 2 0:17:56
• Uncle Shia (R’ Yehoshua) Freund of Nyíregyháza: a son Shmuel, and five of the eight children survived
  Status: her own account (oral history, 2016) · Possible · pending only, tree unchanged
  Babi lists her uncle Shia’s children as Sander, Shmil (Shmuel), Anshel, Etta, Gizi, Magda, “Larry” (perhaps Laci) and Rosy, and says five of the eight survived. Sender and Rachel (Rózsi, “Rosy”) are already in the tree; Shmuel is a new name, as are Anshel, Etta, Gizi, Magda and “Larry” (names and relation only). Grade: Possible. Catalogue page
  Source: Oral history interview with Chaya Rosner, interviewer Brad Zarlin, 2016, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, RG-90.063.1890, part 1 0:18:12–0:18:53 (second, sharper reading 2026)
• More names from Babi’s account (all Possible)
  Status: her own account (oral history, 2016) · Possible · pending only, tree unchanged
  (1) Her cousin Malka Weiss, with whom she hid in an attic in Satu Mare in May 1944, was there with her husband Shimon and his brother Dovid (how Malka was a cousin is not said). (2) A cousin, Mr Mermelstein (spelling Possible), who had a family in Pest, stayed briefly in her second hiding place in Budapest. (3) Her aunt Chaya’s (the tree’s Ilona Helena’s) husband was Hershel (surname not given) — probably the tree’s Hermann Herbst (Likely). (4) She gives R’ Tuvia’s wife as “Chana Malka”; the tree has Malka née Brettler — perhaps a double name, perhaps a repeat of the name she had just given for R’ Anshel’s wife. Names and relation only. Grade: Possible for each. Catalogue page
  Source: Oral history interview with Chaya Rosner, interviewer Brad Zarlin, 2016, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, RG-90.063.1890, part 1 0:21:57, 0:26:41, 1:09:23–1:12:36; part 3 0:07:09–0:07:23 (second, sharper reading 2026)
• Where Babi’s account and the tree disagree (both kept)
  Status: her own account against the records · tree unchanged
  (1) Reb Chaim’s emigration: the records say 26 Dec 1939; she says “37 or 38”. (2) Reb Chaim’s death: the records say 6 Nisan 5710 = 24 Mar 1950, Jerusalem; she says 1948, “in his 80s”. On both, the records win; she was a young child at the time. (3) R’ Yosef Freund: the tree note has him in the chevra kadisha of Satu Mare after the war; she says he left for Palestine in 1943 with his whole family. Open. (4) Tuvia’s children: the Satu Mare stones name two sons, Zvi (d. 1944, Satu Mare) and Baruch (d. 1947, Satu Mare), “son of Tuvia”; she says “he didn’t have children” — perhaps meaning none who lived. (5) Aunt Esther’s son — RESOLVED: Babi remembered aunt Esther’s son as Nachman. The memorial records name Esther’s children Tzvi (6) and Feiga (8). Nachman (6) was aunt Jolán’s son (item 8206343), and Jolán also had a Feiga of about 8. The two families merged in memory. Tree unchanged. (6) Rivka Kohn’s husband: the tree has Lajos (Lipa Yom Tov Chananya) Kohn; she calls him “Lizer” (perhaps Lipa misheard). The tree is kept. (7) Her brother Shia in August 1944: his card says he hid with the Handler family in 1944; she says he was smuggled from Nagyvárad to Romania in August 1944 and stayed with their father until the end of the war. Both may be true, one after the other. (8) Rivka Kohn’s children: one memorial record (item 345815) gives all four children as Auschwitz, May 1944; the tree’s other records have Nándor at Dörnhau and Feigl Eva at Bergen-Belsen in 1945. The tree is kept. Catalogue page
  Source: Oral history interview with Chaya Rosner, interviewer Brad Zarlin, 2016, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, RG-90.063.1890, part 1 0:14:28, 0:15:25–0:15:36, 0:20:38, 0:21:50, 0:28:31; second, sharper reading 2026: part 1 0:27:13–0:27:20, 1:29:49; part 2 0:12:59–0:13:20
• A 1943 naturalization file for “Mella Paecht”: Likely Samuel’s daughter Mala
  Status: original file read 23 Oct 2026 · Likely · shown by name only (living-person rule) · tree unchanged
  Israel State Archives file M-6985/23. Mella Paecht, a student, lived at 43 King George Avenue, Jerusalem — Samuel Pacht’s address on his own file. Her Romanian passport was issued at Cernăuți the same day as his, with the next number (293038 after his 293037); both entered Palestine on 14 Dec 1939; both were naturalized the same day in 1943. She applied as an adult, so his file lists no children. This makes her Likely the Mala Pacht-Horowitz who signed her mother’s 1968 death notice as her daughter. No death record has been found, so only her name and relation are shown. Catalogue page
  Source: Israel State Archives, files M-6985/23 (pp. 3, 10) and M-6985/24 (p. 3)
• Albert and Rivka’s Holon stone: “Rivka bat Yosef” — settled: two Rivkas
  Status: stones read 23 Oct 2026 · settled · tree corrected
  The joint stone of Anshel (Albert) Pacht and his wife reads “Rivka bat Yosef” (d. 6 Adar II 5746 = 17 Mar 1986), and the burial register agrees. A separate stone in another row of the same block reads “Rivka Pacht, daughter of R’ Mordechai Dov” (d. 1976). These are two women. The tree’s Rivka is now Albert’s wife, daughter of Yosef (Confirmed); the 1976 Rivka has her own card as a Possible daughter of Jacob’s brother Mordechai Berl (Dov) Pacht.
  Source: Tel Aviv–Jaffa burial society register (gravez.me), records A904F7C2 and 075E9C3B, with the stones as photographed for the register
• “Lichtig Joseph, 72, rabbi, born Sącz, 30 years in Zboró”: R’ Yosef Charif in the 1848 census
  Status: census index read · Likely · Pesa Perl now in the tree as his wife in 1848 (26 Oct 2026)
  The 1848 census of Zboró (Sáros county), household 226: “LICHTIG Joseph, 72, head, born Sandecz [Nowy Sącz]; 30 years in Hungary (Zboró); rabbi”, with his wife “Pesa Perl, 60”. So the rabbi of Zboró in 1848 was born about 1776 at Sącz and had lived in Zboró since about 1818. The same census has two married Lichtig women in the town, aged 50 and 42 — Sprincza, wife of Jakab Veisz, and Lacza, wife of Sende Zeltenreich: exactly the two daughters, Shprintza and Leitza, that the 1939 family book names. That this rabbi is R’ Yosef Charif: Likely. Perl (b. c.1788) is too young to be Sprincza’s mother, so she was a later wife. An 1828 entry “Lustig Jos., Zboró” may be the same man (Possible).
  Source: 1848 census of Zboró, households 226, 195 and 215 (JewishGen Hungary database) · 1828 census index (Lustig Jos., Zboró)
• Sprincza Lichtig, 50, wife of Jakab Veisz (1848) = Shprintza, R’ Yosef Charif’s elder daughter
  Status: census index read · Likely · now in the tree (26 Oct 2026), with her husband Jakab Weisz
  1848 census of Zboró, household 195: “LICHTIG Sprincza, 50, wife” of Jakab Veisz (50, about 35 years in Zboró), with children Teresa 15, Szamos 12, Gersen 10, David 8, Bina 6 and Izak 4. She is the Shprintza of the 1939 family book and the mother of Rabbiner Hersch Weisz (see the entry on R’ Tzvi Hirsch Weiss). Grade: Likely.
  Source: 1848 census of Zboró, household 195 (JewishGen Hungary database)
• Rochel’s other brothers and sisters: Marisa, Gitlya and Hersko Seltenreich (1848)
  Status: census index read · Likely · Gitlya now in the tree (26 Oct 2026); Marisa = Marim, already in the tree; Hersko pending
  Sender Seltenreich’s household in the 1848 census: daughters Juelasze 18 (Jehides, now in the tree), Marisa 15, Gitlya 12 and Ruchlya 9 (= Rochel), and a son Hersko 4. Marisa is very probably the Marim (Miriam) Jakobovits already in the tree. Grade: Likely. Note on Hersko: a son aged 4 in 1848 cannot be the R’ Hersh Leib whose son Yosef was born about 1857; Hersh Leib (now in the tree from a printed source) was presumably an older son already out of the household in 1848 (see the conflicts list).
  Source: 1848 census of Zboró, household 215 (JewishGen Hungary database)
• Malka Buller’s parents: Shlomo Yehuda (Schloime Leib) and Gitel Buller of Wiznitz
  Status: index entries and stones read · Likely · now in the tree (23 Oct 2026)
  Feige Buller’s 1877 Rădăuți marriage names her parents “Schloime Leib & Gitel, from Wiznitz; mother deceased”; the stones of Hersch Tzvi Dov, Asher Antshil and Shimon Buller read “son of Shlomo Yehuda”, and Feige Rudich’s “daughter of Shlomo Leib”. Mortko Steigman × Malka Buller and Shimon Buller × Rosa Rosner were registered the same day (3 Feb 1881) on the same register page, and Malka’s daughter Feige married Shimon’s son Moses Simche. Malka named a daughter Gitel (1881–83), after the dead Gitel. Against: she also named children Anshel and Feige while a presumed brother and sister of those names were alive (the names may come from the Steigman side). Grade: Likely.
  Source: Bukovina vital records index (JewishGen): Rădăuți marriages 1877 and 1881 (C2 p. 38 nos. 42–43) · Rădăuți cemetery stones
• Who was Jetti (Gitsel), mother of R’ Moshe Aryeh Freund? Settled: Yutel, the second wife (Likely)
  Status: Kroli community weekly + family histories · Likely · year of death open
  Settled on 23 Oct 2026 (research on the Kroli line): she was R’ Yehoshua’s second wife, Yutel, daughter of R’ Refael of Pápa — Likely (the Kroli weekly Emunat Chaim no. 24 gives her the five sons, Moshe Aryeh among them; a family history names his mother Yutel). The Oestreicher daughter (named Rachel Bracha only in online trees) was his first wife and bore him five daughters — Likely. Still open: Yutel’s death year (27 Av vs 7 Av 5589).
  Source: Emunat Chaim no. 24 (Kroli community weekly, 2026) · Gedulat Yehoshua (Brooklyn 5744) · Kisvárda civil marriages 1887 · Máramarossziget civil deaths 1902, act 133
• Sender Seltenreich’s own family: brother of R’ Eliezer Lebowitz
  Status: printed note read · Possible
  Shulchan HaEzer vol. 2, note (א), says R’ Sender was a brother of the author’s grandfather R’ Eliezer [Lebowitz]. An online family-tree site names their father “Leib Lebowitz” (Possible; the note names no father). The same note quotes R’ Yosef Charif at the wedding: “now the Bach and the Taz are matched again” — Confirmed as the book’s words, Possible as fact.
  Source: Shulchan HaEzer vol. 2, note (א) (Berehovo, between the wars; HebrewBooks.org 8556, PDF p. 281) · an online family-tree site
• Sender’s great-grandsons in print: R’ Asher Anshil Yitzchak and R’ Menachem Mendel Zeltenreich
  Status: printed note read · collateral · pending only
  Shulchan HaEzer vol. 2, note (א), names R’ Asher Anshil Yitzchak Zeltenreich, Av Beit Din of Wodzisław, and his brother R’ Menachem Mendel Zeltenreich (the town reading is uncertain), both sons of R’ Yosef son of R’ Hersh Leib. Confirmed as printed. An online family-tree site gives Asher Anshil 1881–1943 (Possible).
  Source: Shulchan HaEzer vol. 2, note (א) (Berehovo, between the wars; HebrewBooks.org 8556, PDF p. 281)
• Yacht, wife of R’ Tuvia Gedalia Freund “of Karol in Hungary”, d. 1891
  Status: grave card read · Possible link
  Mount of Olives grave card 64823: “מ׳ יאכט אשת הרב מ׳ טובי׳ גדלי׳ פריינד ז״ל מקראל במדינת אונגארין נפטרה ט׳ תמוז התרנ״א” — Mrs Yacht, wife of the late R’ Tuvia Gedalia Freund of Karol in Hungary, d. 9 Tammuz 5651 = 15 Jul 1891 (old block, plot ח, row כא, grave 38). This fits the older R’ Tuvia Gedalya of Kroli (Nagykároly), Nisel Leah’s uncle, and shows he was dead by 1891. Possible link (place and name only). She is not the wife of Reb Chaim’s son Tuvia Gedalia (1898–1977).
  Source: Mount of Olives grave database, grave card 64823 (https://cityofdavid.org.il/locating-graves-mount-of-olives/grave-card/?grave-card=64823)
• Shmuel Stern’s death and burial: still open
  Status: searched · lead only
  No Mount of Olives grave card was found for Rochel’s husband under any spelling tried. Card 70931 (“Shmuel Heizel son of Aryeh Leib Stern”, d. 5 Sivan 5676 = 1916) is ruled out: that man died before Rochel, and her 1917 stone calls her husband “ה״ר שמואל” with no mark of mourning, so he was apparently alive in March 1917. An online family-tree site calls him “Aharon Shmuel Stern, from Kurima”, d. 1917, buried in Israel (Possible; no source shown). “Aharon” as a first name: Possible.
  Source: Mount of Olives grave database (card 70931 checked) · Rochel’s gravestone, card 74985 · an online family-tree site
• Toba Lichtig, b. 1835, of Kurima
  Status: lead only · Possible
  An online family-tree site lists a Toba Lichtig, b. 1835, of Kurima (married Weisberger, then Stern; mother Sara Sali Lichtig): a Lichtig–Stern marriage in Kurima. Not placed. Possible.
  Source: an online family-tree site
• David Seltenreich, head of the Bardejov community, 1922
  Status: printed encyclopedia · relationship unknown · lead
  Pinkas HaKehillot Slovakia, Bardejov: “In 1922, David Seltenreich was elected as head of the community.” Zborov lies in Bardejov district. An online family-tree site lists a David (b. 1863) among R’ Hersh Leib Seltenreich’s children, a possible match. Not placed. Possible.
  Source: Pinkas HaKehillot, Slovakia (Bardejov) · an online family-tree site
• R’ Yisrael Freund of Hunyad: his wife “Sarah”, and an 1894 birth year for his son
  Status: one secondary source · Possible
  An online encyclopedia (the article on R’ Moshe Aryeh Freund, the Ga’avad) names the Ga’avad’s father as R’ Yisrael Freund, Av Beit Din of Hunyad, and his mother as “Soroh” (Sarah) — so Sarah would be R’ Yisrael’s wife. Possible; no original seen. The same article gives the Ga’avad’s birth as 1894 in one place and 1904 in another; 1894 is added to the birth-year conflict as a variant.
  Source: an online encyclopedia (citing a yahrzeit website and a Hebrew book database)
• Satu Mare memorial book, p. 136: Tuvia Freund, flour merchant, and a Márton Freund
  Status: read · not placed · lead
  The Satu Mare memorial book has, on p. 136, a “Tuvia Freund”, flour merchant, whose sons “Chaim and Valbish live in New York”, and a “Marton Freund” with no details. Neither is placed. The Tuvia of the book is not shown to be Reb Chaim’s son Tuvia Gedalia; the Márton may relate to the open lead on Herman Freund, son of Márton Freund and Róza Meisels.
  Source: Satu Mare memorial book (JewishGen translation), p. 136
• Other Herbsts of Hajdúnánás, 1944
  Status: read · not placed · lead
  The 1944 Hajdúnánás list has more Herbsts: Etel née Hutter (b. 1906, husband Zoltán, Kálvin utca), Géza (b. 1909) and Fülöp (b. 1914), and three young children. Any of them may be Hermann Herbst’s brothers and their families; no record states the link. Not placed.
  Source: memorial records (items 13567713, 5285712, 5285643, 5270973–5270975), as listed in an outside research package; not each checked
• Jakab Herbst after the war
  Status: one secondary source · pending
  A Hungarian journal (2021) names a Jakab Herbst among the Hajdúnánás straw-hat makers who reopened their businesses after the war. He may be Hermann’s father (b. 1873), who would then have survived; it may be another man of the same name. Possible.
  Source: Pelle János, a Hungarian journal (2021), https://hitelfolyoirat.hu/2021/11/14/pelle-janos-2/
• Ernő Herbst, b. 1917 Hajdúnánás
  Status: outside lead · not checked
  An outside package suggests Ernő (Ernst) Herbst, born 21 May 1917 in Hajdúnánás, later in Austria and Australia, could be a younger brother of Hermann. Not checked against a record. Possible.
  Source: an online genealogy database (Hohenems), as cited by an outside research package
• Jolán Braun’s birth: 1911 or 1916
  Status: open · needs the 1911 Kisvárda birth register
  Her 1948 death-declaration card gives 15 Apr 1911 (the same day and month that is wrong on her brother Géza’s card), a victims list gives 3 Jun 1911, and one memorial page gives 1916. Only the Kisvárda civil birth register for 1911 can settle it; it has not been read.
  Source: memorial records (items 6573125, 5787486, 8206342)
• Binyamin (Benno) Pacht, son of Avraham, d. Holon 1969: a son of Jacob’s brother Abraham?
  Status: stone read · Possible · not in the tree
  His stone at Holon reads “Binyamin Pacht ben R’ Avraham”; the burial register gives 19 Nisan 5729 (7 Apr 1969), block 2, area 6, row 37, plot 3. The wife’s half of the double stone is not legible in the photograph. An outside report links him to a Benno Pächt, b. 21 Jul 1896, who filed property declarations in Vienna in 1938, and makes him a son of the tree’s Abraham Pacht (b. 1857); those Vienna files have not been read for this site, and a father named Avraham is the only link so far. Possible.
  Source: Tel Aviv–Jaffa burial society register (gravez.me), record 8E356E61, with the stone as photographed for the register · outside research report, 23 Oct 2026
• Sara Litman, d. Holon 1986: Anshel Steigman’s daughter?
  Status: stone read · Possible · not in the tree
  Her stone at Holon reads only “Sara Litman”, d. 19 Kislev 5747 (21 Dec 1986), with no father’s name; the burial register’s entry for her father’s name is unclear. An outside report suggests she was a daughter of Anshel Steigman. Nothing read so far shows that. Possible.
  Source: Tel Aviv–Jaffa burial society register (gravez.me), record 770994DF · outside research report, 23 Oct 2026
• Irma Pacht (b. Paris 1935, d. 2023): a daughter of Israel and Mania Pacht?
  Status: outside report only · not checked · Possible
  An outside report suggests that an Irma Pacht, born in Paris in 1935 and died in 2023, was a daughter of Jacob’s son Israel Pacht of Paris and his wife Mania. No record of her has been read for this site yet.
  Source: outside research report, 23 Oct 2026
• Babi’s rescuer in Buda: “Mr Nagy” — Feri (Ferenc) Nagy?
  Status: recording heard at the place given · first name unclear · Possible · not in the tree
  In her 2016 interview (part 3, about 02:56) Babi is asked the first name of the man who hid her in Buda in Nov 1944 – Jan 1945 and answers that she is not sure; the name sounds like “Faddy” or “Fanny”. An outside report suggests Feri (Ferenc) Nagy. He had one or two textile machines in a small workshop in Buda (part 3, about 07:45). Not settled; Possible.
  Source: oral-history interview, 2016, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, RG-90.063.1890, part 3
• More lines from Babi’s 2016 interview, to check against the recording
  Status: machine transcript only · wording not settled · not on her card yet
  Quoted in an outside report and not yet settled word for word: the attic hiding place with her cousin (part 1, 73:58 and 76:42), her brother Shmuel fetching her by trolley in October 1944 (part 3, 01:34), her father after the war, “a very sad man, a broken man” (part 2, 14:14), and going back to the cemetery in Satu Mare (part 2, 53:14). Two transcripts of the recording differ in small words in these lines, so they wait until heard again.
  Source: oral-history interview, 2016, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, RG-90.063.1890
• A second Swiss police file in the same series: “ENGEL, EVA, 21.04.1934”
  Status: catalogue entry read · relationship unknown · Possible
  The Swiss Federal Archives series that holds Babi’s own 1948–49 police file also holds one for an Eva Engel, born 21 Apr 1934 (1948–1950). An outside report says an Eva Engel is named with Babi in a 1949 letter of the refugee organisation, perhaps a fellow pupil at Bex; that letter has not been read here, and no family link is known.
  Source: Swiss Federal Archives, E4264#1988/2#30954* (catalogue entry), https://www.recherche.bar.admin.ch/recherche/#/de/archiv/einheit/5384509
• Shimshon Binyamin Popelniker (1924–2012), possible husband of Gitel (Tova)
  Status: Possible · not in the tree
  Shimshon Binyamin Popelniker, born 9 Sep 1924, died 18 Apr 2012, buried in Nahariya Cemetery, near Shlomo Stieber. Same surname as Gitel (Tova) Popelniker née Stieber, Papi’s first cousin, and the same town as her brother. No record seen names him as her husband. Possible.
  Source: his gravestone record, Nahariya (BillionGraves 19543397, record only: https://billiongraves.com/grave/%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9F-%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9F-%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A8/19543397)
• Who remembered Mendel, Miriam, Aizik and Yankele in 1957
  Status: open · relationship unknown
  The 1957 memorial records for Mendel Rosner, Miriam Klein, Aizik Klein and their son Yankele were filed by one relative in Tel Aviv, who gave the relationship as granddaughter on two and niece on the third, so who she was is still open.
  Source: memorial records (items 1356473, 1612780, 1371764, 8464030)
• Five Rozners of Vijnita
  Status: lead only · not placed
  In 1956 a relative in Haifa/Ramla filed memorial records for Meir Rozner (60) and his wife Regina, Aba Rozner and his wife Sali (25), and Yisrael Rozner, all of Vijnita. Not shown to be our family.
  Source: memorial records (items 476905, 1644882, 695845, 476855, 2026564)
• Herbst Fülöp of Australia is not Hermann Herbst
  Status: ruled out
  A Fülöp Herbst, born 17 Nov 1901, Protestant, who arrived in Australia with his wife and daughter in Nov 1949, is a different man (different first name, religion and wife). No Ernő Herbst born 1917 was found in the Australian records.
  Source: National Archives of Australia, migrant records (1949)
• A Stieber who became Tishbi
  Status: closed · not ours
  Moshe Tishbi, formerly Moric Stieber, was born at Karlsruhe on 3 Feb 1910 and lived at Petah Tikva; he is not of Yehoshua Stieber’s family of Gura Humorului. Lead closed.
  Source: Israel State Archives, file מ-6092/10, p. 13, https://www.archives.gov.il/details/000zhko
• A Rosner family of Vășcăuți
  Status: lead only · not placed · Possible
  Moses Rosner (d. before 1946) and Miriam Esther née Rubel (b. c.1886), registered at Vășcăuți (Waschkoutz), the town where Zeidi’s birth was registered; their son Joseph Rosner brought his widowed mother to Tel Aviv in 1946–48, and their daughter Rifca married Chaim David Rainer, the same surname as Zeidi’s mother Freide Reiner. Not Zeidi’s brother Yosef Shlomo (different father). A family link is Possible; no record ties them. Further records (25 Oct 2026): Moses Rosner was born at Vilaucea, Zeidi’s village, in 1883, son of Jossel and Chane Beile Rosner of Zamostea, near Vășcăuți; he was a grocer and later a merchant at Zamostea, and his wife Miriam (Marjem) Esther née Rubel, b. 1888 at Zamostea, was a daughter of Chaim and Zlate Rubel (records Confirmed). A “Mordko Rosner, in Zamostea” witnessed a 1922 birth in the family, so possibly Moses was a younger brother of Zeidi’s father Mordko, and Jossel and Chane Beile were possibly Zeidi’s grandparents (Possible; no record names Mordko’s parents). Their daughter Rifca (Rivka) Rainer née Rosner, b. Vășcăuți 1913, and her husband Chaim David Rainer, b. Vășcăuți 1908, an agricultural labourer of Ramat Gan, were naturalized on 17 Nov 1938 (record Confirmed); possibly she is kin to our Rosners (Possible).
  Source: Israel State Archives, file מ-2297/10, https://www.archives.gov.il/details/0014pxg · Waschkoutz births 1922, no. 47 (DAChO 1245/1/932) and a 1941 list no. 374 (DAChO 831/2/2), index at zeydele.com · Israel State Archives, file מ-6178/39, pp. 13–14, https://www.archives.gov.il/details/00110ql
• Yechezkel Shraga Freund (b. 11 May 1899) — “fifth generation, son after son, of R’ Yehoshua Freund of Kroli”: now placed in the tree
  Status: register entry and stone read · father identified 23 Oct 2026 (Shabbos) · in the tree as son of Shmuel Yehoshua (Samuel) Freund (Likely)
  Register: “Freund Jehezkel Shraga”, father “Jehoshua”, d. 1915-06-02, aged 16 (section 6, row 2, grave 3). His stone gives his birth as 2 Sivan 5659 = 11 May 1899 — the day the Satu Mare civil register records the birth of Ede Freund, son of Samuel Freund, petroleum merchant born at Munkács, and Regina Fleischman. Samuel’s Hebrew name was Shmuel Yehoshua (his daughter Lea Lenke’s register entry, 1914, names her father “Samue[l] Jehoshua”). Samuel was born at Munkács on 29 Sep 1862 to Mordche (Markusz) Freund and Rezi (Terez) Meiselsz, married in Satu Mare in 1883 as the son of Markusz, and Markusz — Nachum Mordechai, son of R’ Tuvia Gedalia — was widowed of Terez in 1877. So the stone’s “fifth generation, son after son” is exact: R’ Yehoshua → R’ Tuvia Gedalia → Nachum Mordechai → Shmuel Yehoshua → Yechezkel Shraga. Still open: the death date. The cemetery register reads 20 Sivan 5675 (2 Jun 1915), but the civil death register has Ede dying on 1 May 1918 aged 19, and the stone’s death line begins “ל״ה בעומר” (the 35th day of the Omer = 20 Iyar; 20 Iyar 5678 began on the evening of 1 May 1918). Both dates are kept until a clearer photograph is found.
  Source: Satu Mare Orthodox cemetery photographic registry (szatmar.us), https://szatmar.us/db/ortodox.html, section 6, row 2, grave 3 (register and stone photograph, https://szatmar.us/db/images/tomb/FreundShraga.jpg) · Satu Mare civil births 1899 and deaths 1918 (transcriptions, Romanian National Archives, Satu Mare) · Mukacheve births 1859–1870 (fund 1606, opys 16, sprava 65) and Satu Mare marriages 1877/1883 (reg. 1349), JewishGen Hungary database
• Rachel Freund, wife of Chaim, daughter of Yaakov Yehuda, d. 1 Oct 1935, Satu Mare 8/6/22
  Status: register entry read · stone read · not related as far as any record shows
  Register: “Freund Rachel Haymne” (wife of Haym), father “Jakab Jehuda”, d. 1935-10-01 (8/6/22). Her stone reads “… Mrs Rachel, daughter of the pious, wealthy, God-fearing R’ Yaakov Yehuda …”. The register and stone give no surname for her father and no other detail of her husband. Chaim was a common name among the town’s Freunds. Not placed.
  Source: Satu Mare Orthodox cemetery photographic registry (szatmar.us), https://szatmar.us/db/ortodox.html, section 8, row 6, grave 22
• Shalom (Salamon) Freund, d. 4 Jun 1901, aged 11, son of József Freund and Róza Teitelbaum
  Status: register entries read · stone seen · not the family of Reb Chaim’s son Yosef
  Register: “Freund Shalom”, father József, d. 1901-06-04, aged 11 (7/5/4). The State Archive entry for the same boy, “Freund Salamon, Várdomb utca 24”, names his parents József Freund, commercial agent, and Róza Teitelbaum. Reb Chaim’s son Yosef also married a Teitelbaum, Reitza (Rose), but he was born in 1895 and she in 1897, so this boy (b. about 1890) cannot be theirs. A different József Freund household.
  Source: Satu Mare Orthodox cemetery photographic registry (szatmar.us), https://szatmar.us/db/ortodox.html, section 7, row 5, grave 4
• Jotel Freund, daughter of Itzhack, Satu Mare 10/3/3 (no date, no photograph)
  Status: register entry read · no stone photo in the registry · not placed
  Register: “Freund Jotel”, father “Itzhack”, no date, section 10, row 3, grave 3; the registry marks the stone as not photographed. Reb Chaim’s son Yitzchak had a daughter Yitel, but she died in 1944 away from Satu Mare, and the Itzhack Freund–Rivka Perlstein household also buried children here. With no date nothing can be decided.
  Source: Satu Mare Orthodox cemetery photographic registry (szatmar.us), https://szatmar.us/db/ortodox.html, section 10, row 3, grave 3
• “Hosie” Friend, born 28 Jan 1854 at Sighet, son of Mozes and “Hani Marthe”: an unplaced birth entry
  Status: index entry read 26 Oct 2026 · PENDING · Possible · not in the tree
  The Máramaros births index has “Hosie” (Yehoshua) Friend, male, born 28 Jan 1854 at Sziget, father Mozes, mother “Hani Marthe”, godfather Smil Katz. The mother’s name is very probably an indexer’s reading of Chane Malke, which would make him a son of R’ Moshe Aryeh Freund and Chana Malka Katz. He is either a child who died young or the Naszód Rav himself, R’ Avraham Yehoshua, whose printed biography gives his birth as 12 Tammuz 5615 (June 1855) — a different year. Neither reading is proven, so he is not in the tree. Grade: Possible (index entry; the original page not seen).
  Source: Máramarossziget Jewish births, register book 272, entry 4-20 (Romanian National Archives, Baia Mare branch; JewishGen Máramaros vital records index)

Open leads

• Braun — Rosie Braun (b. c.1831, Kisvárda (aged 20 in April 1851)): Married at Kisvárda on 19 April 1851 (Jewish marriage register, entry 6): the groom was Joseph Laz[…] of Szatmár, 36, son of Marcus and Hanie of Szatmár (house no. 362); the bride Rosie Braun, 20, single, of Kisvárda, daughter of Marcus and Liebe, house no. 76. Her father Marcus is Possibly the tree’s Márkus Braun (died at Kisvárda in 1855 aged 69), which would make her a sister of József Braun — the record does not say so. Possible only. Source: Kisvárda Jewish register of marriages 1851, entry 6 (FHL film 642904; FamilySearch image 3:1:3QS7-L9PH-3L3Q), original seen. STATUS: Possible — moved off the tree on 24 Oct 2026 (a person goes on the tree only when records prove every link).
• Pacht — Rivka Pacht (bat Mordechai Dov), d. 19 Oct 1976 (26 Tishrei 5737 in the burial register), Holon · block 13, area 4, row 7, plot 23: Her stone reads “Rivka Pacht, daughter of R’ Mordechai Dov”. She is a different woman from Albert’s wife Rivka bat Yosef (d. 1986), with whom the tree had mixed her up. Jacob’s brother was Mordechai Berl (Dov) Pacht, and Berl is the Yiddish for Dov, so she may be his daughter: Possible (the names only; whether Pacht was her own name or her married name is not known). Source: Tel Aviv–Jaffa burial society register (gravez.me), record 075E9C3B, and the stone as photographed for the register (read 23 Oct 2026). STATUS: Possible — moved off the tree on 24 Oct 2026 (a person goes on the tree only when records prove every link).
• Rosner — Who were Mordko Rosner’s parents? His 1925 civil marriage at Vășcăuți (vol. I p. 74 no. 47) should name them; the register is not online and has been asked for from the archive. (Checked again on 23 Oct: the Vășcăuți registers on FamilySearch hold births only.)
• Rosner — Freide Reiner’s parents. A Reiner family of Zalucze and Sniatyn (Mortko Hersch Reiner and Devora Apfelfeld) is a candidate only.
• Rosner — Yosef Rosner of Tel Aviv, named by Zeidi as a brother in 1948, is not among the children registered in 1921.
• Pacht — Israel Pacht’s and Ester Schieber’s own parents. Their children’s births at Câmpulung (1857–1869) do not name grandparents; a Salomon Hopmeyer and Henie (Menie) Pacht also lived in Câmpulung in 1857–62 — a relationship is not known.
• Steigman — The Steigmans of Sadeu and Wiznitz: an Itzig Litmann Steigman of Sadeu (son Uscher Leib, b. 1893) and a Gittel Steigman (Mrs Aharon Sonntag) of Seletin may be Mottel’s relatives — not proven. More on Itzig Litmann’s family from the cemetery indexes (JOWBR): his son Asher Aryeh (Uscher Leib) Steigmann, b. 1893, d. 3 Dec 1958, buried at Rădăuți (“Asher Aryeh son of Yitzchak Litman”), and a daughter Malka Gross née Steigmann (“Malka daughter of Yitzchak Litman”), d. 9 Sep 1937, buried at Chernivtsi. A daughter named Malka would fit Itzig Litmann being a son of Mottel and Malka Buller (d. 1891), if she was born after 1891 — Possible only; no record names his parents.
• Stern — Is the son Salamon (b. 1854) in the 1857 census the same child as Josef Schaja (b. Dec 1854)? Only one boy of that year appears in each source.
• Stern — Anshel (Jakob) Stern and Gitel came from Sztropkó (Stropkov). Who were their parents? Checked on 23 Oct 2026, with no answer: every page of the Kurima death register 1850–1895 (no death of Jakob/Anshel or of Gitel Stern there, so they probably died elsewhere — the Hungarian-form pages from 1886 do name the parents of the dead, which is why they were read); the Bardejov-district death of a Jakob Stern on 15 Feb 1869 (born at Kurima, a day labourer, aged 60 — a different man); and the record indexes for Sterns of Sztropkó (the Stern deaths there of 1852–1892 name no parents). Checked later the same day, also with no answer: the Sztropkó Jewish lists of 1806, 1811, 1811–12 and 1821–22 and the 1828 property-tax census of Sztropkó (23 Jewish heads of household) name no Stern at all — surnames were still unsettled, and a son born about 1800 would not be a head of household; the Zemplén county 1848 Jewish census has not been filmed; Sztropkó Jewish births survive in the indexes only from 1843 (a few) and 1851 on, too late for Anshel and Gitel. Older Sterns who died at Sztropkó — Jakob (d. 1844, aged 70), Eseitel (d. 1853, aged 68), Etel (a widow, d. 1859, aged 76), Leib (d. 1865, aged 74) and Feige (d. 1869, aged 70) — are the right age to be a parent, but no entry names a child, so none can be linked. Still open: Sztropkó records not yet indexed or filmed, and the death of Anshel or Gitel wherever it happened.
• Kaufman — Hani Szakmári was born at Legenyemihályi (Zemplén). A Szakmári family of that village (Farkas Szakmári and Mali Weltman, parents’ birthplace “L Mihaly”) registered children at Királyhelmec in 1887–89, and Wilhelm Szakmári and Manczi Weltman a son Moric in 1879. The Bernát Weltman who witnessed Fáni’s wedding at Varannó in 1896 was 35, a farmer at Vásárosnamény (Confirmed, index). A small point for a link between the Weltmans and Hani’s own family — not proven. STATUS: Possible.
• Braun — A Braun landowner at Csaholc in 1924 may be Chana’s brother József (b. 1897) — Possible.
• Freund — The older Freund generations above R’ Yehoshua of Kroli now rest on his Carei stone, the 1770 Veszprém will papers and R’ Moshe Aryeh’s own yahrzeit list (see the Kroli cards). Still open: R’ Itzik Krob’s death year (the full text of the renewed Itzik & Leah stone in the old Pápa cemetery) and the parents of R’ Eliezer and Tzipora.
• Kaufman — A Bernát Kaufman, born at Tótkajna (the birthplace of Fáni’s father), son of Samuel and Hani, married at Sztropkó in 1886 — perhaps a cousin; not proven.
• Steigman — An Anschel Lecker married Scheine Sore Steigmann at Rădăuți in 1902; she was from Wiznitz, like Scheine Ruchel. A Marcus Steigmann married at Rădăuți in 1894. Either may be a relative of Mottel’s family — not proven.
• Rosner — Other Rosners of Câmpulung and Dorna (Moses Leib and Malka Rosner’s children from 1858; Chaim Leib Rosner’s from 1869; Isak Rosner of Dorna, who married Mariem Henzie Pacht) — no link to Mordko Rosner of Vilaucea has been found.
• Reiner — A Reiner groom who married at Wiznitz in 1920 was a son of Mordko Hersch Reiner and Dwoire Apfelfeld; the same couple are the parents of a David Reiner of Rădăuți. Whether Freide Reiner belonged to this family is not known.
• Pacht — A second Dwora (Dwore) Pacht, born at Wiznitz on 10 Dec 1855, daughter of Mordko and Ester Pacht, married Hersch Mortko Schoil (civil marriage at Dorna Watra, 1902; daughters Rebeka 1875 and Henie 1878). She is not the Dvora Pacht of the tree (born at Câmpulung in 1860, daughter of Israel and Ester). Whether Mordko Pacht of Wiznitz was related to Israel Pacht is not known.
• Braun — A Moses Braun born at Kisvárda on 8 Sep 1866 to Josef and “Hany” may be another child of József Braun and Hani Egi — the entry gives no maiden name.
• Freund — A Herman Freund, born 3 Oct 1874, a produce merchant of Szatmár (Satu Mare) like Reb Chaim, son of Márton Freund and Róza Meisels, married Betti Handler of Kurima at Nagyberezna in 1896. A relationship to Reb Chaim’s family is possible but not shown by any record. He is not the Herman Freund who married Eszter Paskesz in 1897 — that Herman was the son of Iczik Freund and Nisel Leah (round 4, Sighet marriage index).
• Kaufman — An Izrael Kaufman, born at Tótkajna, single, aged 26, died at Szeged on 30 May 1886 (Varannó-district Jewish deaths 1886, entry 11, original seen). He may be a younger brother of Ignácz, but no record names his parents.
• Steigman — A Schulem (Schulim) Steigmann and Reisel née Reifer of Wiznitz had daughters Scheine Sore (married Anschel Lecker of Oberwikow) and Malka (married Jakob Schächter), per Bukovina birth entries of 1885 and 1899 (index). A relationship to Mottel Steigman is possible but not shown.
• Freund — A Hosie (Yehoshua) Freund was registered at Sighet on 28 Jan 1854 to Mozes Freund and “Hani Marthe” (index). Whether this is a mis-reading of Chane Malke, and whether he is the Naszód Rav R’ Avraham Yehoshua (born 1855 by the family tradition), is open.
• Freund — Mór Paskesz and Lina (Leni) Freund — the parents of Margit, Anschel Freund’s wife — appear in the Satu Mare birth register transcriptions with more children: Fáni (3 Mar 1884), Gisella (7 Jun 1885), Rezi (4 Feb 1887; the mother born at Máramarossziget), Lázár (16 Apr 1888) and Lipót (3 Nov 1889), besides Margit (9 Apr 1893). The parents match the tree’s Nisel Leah exactly, but these are index readings (Satu Mare registers 1351 and 1353); they join the tree once the original pages are seen. STATUS: index found, strong; originals not online.
• Freund — Gizella Paskesz, born 1885 in Szatmár, as the wife of Imre Grünwald with three children born 1917 and 1919 at Sátoraljaújhely and 1925 at Csorna, per a Csorna Jewish history (entries 539–542). Her birth (7 Jun 1885, daughter of Mór Paskesz and Lina Freund) is in the Satu Mare index; that the Csorna Gizella is the same woman is not yet shown. STATUS: unverified.
• Freund — Nisel Leah’s sons by Iczik Freund (Herman, Samuel, Sion) and Herman’s family. Index entries suggest that Nisel Leah’s first husband was Iczik (Ignác) Freund of Nagykároly and that she had three sons by him: (Chaim) Herman Freund, born 1873, a Talmud student when he married and later a grocer in Satu Mare; Samuel Freund, born March 1870 at Sighet, who married Hani Kahan in 1906; and Sion (Shia?) Freund, “son of Ignác Freund and Niszel Freund”, who married Rebeka Gáncz at Vásárosnamény in 1892. Herman’s marriage at Sighet on 2 Sep 1897 (Máramarossziget civil marriage index) names his parents “Iczik [Freund] and Freund Niszel Leia”, and his bride Eszter Paskesz (born 30 Dec 1880) as the daughter of Mózes Paskesz and Eszter Stern of Szatmárnémeti — Mór Paskesz’s daughter by his first wife, which would make her Nisel Leah’s stepdaughter. The Satu Mare Orthodox cemetery register (section 2, row 9, grave 27) lists Margit Hana Malka Freund, died at Satu Mare on 21 Nov 1919 aged 16 (Báthory utca 52), daughter of Haym Herman Freund, grocer, and Eszter Paskesz; the same register has Eszter Freund née Paskesz, died 24 Jul 1904 aged 23, daughter of Mór Paskesz, merchant, and Eszter Stern, and a son Ignác (died 1900, aged 7 days). This Margit Hana Malka is a different woman from the tree’s Margit (Chana Malka) Paskesz, who married Anschel Freund in 1911. Sources: Sighet marriage index (2 Sep 1897); Satu Mare Orthodox cemetery register, section 2, row 9, grave 27; Sighet indexes for Samuel (births 1870, marriages 1906); Vásárosnamény marriage index 1892 for Sion. Conflict: at her remarriage on 6 Dec 1881 Nisel Leah is recorded as 24 (so born c.1857), which does not fit sons born in 1870 and 1873 — either the age or the identification is wrong. Next step: check the original register pages. STATUS: index only; originals not yet checked. These five were in the tree as Likely for a short time on 23 Oct 2026 and were moved back here until the originals are seen. UPDATE 23 Oct 2026: the published family history Toldos HaYamim (quoted in a book dealer’s catalogue) names her first husband as her cousin R’ Yitzchak Meir Freund, son of her uncle R’ Tuvia Gedalya of Kroli (Nagykároly) — which fits “Iczik Freund of Nagykároly”. The identification of the husband is now Likely; the sons stay here until the original register pages are seen.
• Freund — Zsenni Freund, born at Satu Mare on 1 Jun 1885 to Markusz Freund and Pepi Weisz (index). Markusz Freund, a merchant born at Újfehértó, was a frequent sandek in Satu Mare and a witness at Margit Paskesz’s birth in 1893; with his first wife Rozi Meisels of Kisvárda he had Sali (1867), Leni (1870), Johanna (1871), Ignác (1873) and Herman (1874). No link to Reb Chaim’s family is shown. The Satu Mare Orthodox cemetery register gives his death on 4 Jul 1900 aged 57 (section 6, row 1, grave 7; Hebrew name Nachum Mordechai, son of Tuvia) and his first wife Terez (Meiselsz), d. 1877 — see New findings above. STATUS: index found; grave register entry read; unconnected.
• Freund — Sighet: a Josef Freund paid the tolerance tax in 1838 and a Joszip Smil Freund in 1843; no Freund appears in the 1828 tax census of Sighet. R’ Moshe Aryeh’s father “Saie” was a landowner of Nagykároly (his 1902 death entry), so the older line is to be looked for in Nagykároly rather than Sighet. The 1728, 1768, 1818 and 1830 Sighet lists are not indexed or online. Register books 277, 279 and 282-A (births) were worked in round 4: they hold 17 grandchildren of Moshe Aryeh (now in the tree, Likely); the online index returned no Freund entries at Sighet from books 290 and 291. STATUS: books 277/279/282-A/283/284 done; censuses not online.
• Braun — Satu Mare marriage, 23 Jun 1875: Markusz Braun, peddler, 26, born in Szatmár, son of Marton, married Eszter Klein, 25, daughter of Abraham (register 1349). He is not the tree’s Márkus Braun of Kisvárda, who died there in 1855. STATUS: checked — not our Márkus; unconnected.
• Braun — Satu Mare marriages: Majer Braun, tailor of Csenger, 28, son of Farkas, × Sali Weisz of Beregszász, 24 Jan 1876 (remarried 1880 as a widower); Moritz Braun, peddler born in Kisvárda, 37 (born c.1851), × Regina Trebics, 24, daughter of Jonas, 7 Oct 1888 (his father not named). The Kisvárda-born Moritz could belong to the Kisvárda Brauns, but no record links him. STATUS: index read; unconnected.
• Braun — Kisvárda census of 1848 (film 719825): household of Abraham Braun (51) and Eva Ellenbogen (45) with Anna, Izsák, Herman, Franciska, Jakab, Enszli and Magdalena; next, Jakab Freund (28, born Munkács) and Eszter Braun (26) with Moritz (3) and Leopold (2). Round 7 read both households in the original register (FamilySearch DGS 007953483, images 315 and 316; the page writes “Freind” for Freund); the original agrees with the index. Ages only — no birth years are fixed from them — and no record yet ties either household to József Braun, Nachman’s father. STATUS: original seen; no link shown.
• Braun — Kisvárda Jewish registers 1851–1895 (FamilySearch film DGS 004134122, unindexed): worked page by page in rounds 3–4. Found: Moses Braun’s birth (8 Sep 1866, Likely), Aba’s 1868 entry (mother “Egi Hany”, original read), and Rosie Braun’s 1851 marriage (daughter of Marcus and Liebe — Possible sister of József). Births 1867–1873 and marriages 1851–c.1856 read with no further child or marriage of József found; at least two other Josef Brauns had children there. STATUS: partly worked; births 1859–1864 and 1874–1880 still to read.
• Freund — Nyíregyháza deportation list: Freund Boris, Channa, Eszter, Jenő, Rachel, Regina, Samuel and one more, of Kisvárda. Checked against the 1944 Kisvárda households list (the only Freund household there was Bernát Freund’s, Deák Ferenc utca 10) and the 1848 census (Jakab Freund of Munkács and Eszter Braun): none of these names matches anyone in the tree, and the tree’s Freunds came from Sighet, Nagykároly and Satu Mare, not Kisvárda. STATUS: checked — no link.
• Rosner — Isadore Harry Rosner, born 1884 at Rostoki (Bukovina), son of Yehudah Leib Rosner and Perel Laufer (a FamilySearch candidate). No link to Mordko Rosner is known. STATUS: not connected. The Câmpulung registers (Suceava archive, Fond 12: births 1859–1893, deaths 1857–1877; Vatra Dornei deaths 1877–1887) are listed in the Leo Baeck Institute catalogue (jbat.lbi.org items 1740 and 1746) as a catalogue only — no scans are online. The births 1859–1870 volume (Dosar 1/1859–1870) would hold Jacob Pacht’s own 1865 entry.
• Rosner — Satu Mare: Ignác (Isak) Salczer, a tailor, and Betti Rosner had Abraham (29 Aug 1882), Jenő (27 Dec 1883) and Malvin (1 Jun 1885) (index, Satu Mare register 1351). These are Hungarian Rosners of Szatmár; the tree’s Rosners came from Bukovina, and no link is known. STATUS: found; unconnected.
• Kaufman — Manesz Kaufman’s second marriage, to Czili Berger (after 1876): the Varannó-district Jewish marriage registers, 1876–1895, would confirm that the man who died at Benkőc in 1901 (son of Markusz, born at Tót-Kajnya) is Manesz. Márkus Kaufman of Tótkajna is now on the tree as Manesz’s father (Likely).
• Kaufman — Márkus Kaufman’s wives: Fani (Feige), mother of Maria (b. c.1819), and Mina Herskovics, mother of Czili (b. c.1834, d. at Ungvár). Which was Manesz’s mother is not known. Márkus’s own parents are not known. Possible only — no tree node.
• Braun — Kisvárda community pages (KehilaLinks): the photographs are copyrighted (link only) and show no Braun or Freund family; the martyrs’ list is reproduced from the 1980 Kisvárda book; the 1944 households list has no entry for Nachman Braun’s family (they lived at Csaholc). The cemetery burial list gave Fáni Braun’s 1925 burial and Hani Egi’s Hebrew name (now on their cards, Likely). A “Braun Nachman — R’ Nachman” entry in the same list, row 56, has no date — Likely his grave: his stone (family booklet, online) shows he died on 21 Oct 1921 and is buried at Kisvárda. STATUS: checked.
• Freund — Lázár Paskesz, born 16 Apr 1888 at Satu Mare (the Lázár of Mór Paskesz and Lina Freund’s children in the index), appears to have settled in Chicago (naturalized 1938; wife Hani, b. 15 Nov 1889). Same name and date in US naturalization indexes — not yet proven to be the same man.
• Kaufman — Other Kaufmans in the Varannó-district Jewish death register, all at or near Tótkajna and not yet placed: Josel (d. Apr 1846, aged 4) and a small child (d. Nov 1846, aged 2) — possibly early children of Manesz and Czipra; Sansen (d. 3 May 1869, aged 1) and Manes (d. 8 May 1869, aged 3), both of Kajnya; and older Kaufmans — Chaim, a trader born at Kajna, who died there on 4 May 1870 aged 66 (original seen; possibly the Chajm Kaufman whose son Hers married in 1849), and in the district Mózes (d. 3 Jul 1873, aged 56), Mózes (d. 3 Jul 1873, aged 56) and Chajla (d. 20 Nov 1888, aged 86). The entries give no parents. STATUS: unplaced — no link shown.
• Braun — Márkus Braun and his wife Liebe in 1848: round 7 read all 23 Kisvárda town pages of the original 1848 census (FamilySearch DGS 007953483, images 310–332, rows 1–723) page by page. Neither Márkus Braun, nor a Liebe Braun, nor József Braun (Nachman’s father, then about 29) appears in the town — they may have been living in a nearby village that year, or been missed. The same pages gave the original of Sámuel Egi’s household (now in the gallery). STATUS: Kisvárda town read in full — not found; the surrounding villages are still to be read.
• Freund — Nagykároly (Carei) Freunds in the indexes — leads for the family of R’ Moshe Aryeh Freund’s father Yosi Yehoshua (“Josi Jósia”, “Saie”), none yet tied to him by a record: (1) a Josef Freund is entered at Nagykároly, part II (Nagy utca), in the 1828 property tax census of Szatmár county (index entry 85 of that street section — the other Jewish taxpayers there are entries 58, 60 and 75; FHL film 623125 = FamilySearch DGS 008205813, Nagykároly pages somewhere between images 430 and 566, not yet found on the page) — Possibly Yosi Yehoshua himself; (2) Abraham Freund, born at Nagykároly, husband of Katalin Friedman, died at Szatmár on 23 Jan 1877 aged 53 (Satu Mare civil deaths) — the published genealogies name an Avraham Yaakov among Yehoshua’s sons; (3) Markusz Freund, a widowed flour merchant of Szatmár, son of Tobias, whose parents lived at Nagykároly, married Peppi Weisz on 19 Dec 1877 (witness Ignatz Freund); he died at Szatmár on 4 Jul 1900 aged 57, his father Tobias then a merchant in Jerusalem and his mother Jachet (cemetery register, section 6, row 1, grave 7 — see New findings above) — the published genealogies name a son R’ Tuvia Gedalya; (4) an Ignácz (Ignatz) Freund, produce dealer of Nagykároly, was godfather at several Nagykároly circumcisions in 1882–1892 — the genealogies name a son Yitzchak (Ignácz). All four are index entries only (JewishGen: 1828 census, Hungarian births, deaths and marriages) and name no parents that reach Yehoshua. UPDATE 23 Oct 2026: the Satu Mare Orthodox Jewish cemetery database enters lead (2) as “Freund Abraham Jakab”, husband of Katalin, father Jehoshua, aged 53 (section 1, row 1, grave 11) — the father’s name now matches; Likely, see New findings. STATUS: Possible — leads only, not in the tree (lead 2 now Likely).
• Freund — R’ Yisrael Freund, rabbi of Bánffyhunyad (Huedin): his place and death date are now settled (Új Kelet 1937; Spitzer’s reference, entry 53; Hoemesz 1940). Still open: the year he came to Huedin (between 1931 and April 1935), his birth date, and the Ga’avad’s own books (Ateret Yehoshua) and the memorial volume Zochreinu LeChaim, which may say more.
• Freund — Reb Chaim’s year of birth (18/19 Nov 1863 in the tree; 5625 = 1864/65 in two book-dealers’ notes) and of death (24 Mar 1950 in the tree; “apparently 1948” in one dealer’s note): kept as conflicts until a Jerusalem burial record is read. (23 Oct: an online family-tree site shows only “1950, Israel”; nothing new against 24 Mar 1950.)
• Charif / Taz — Shem MiShimon (Lemberg 5630/1870), the son’s introduction: read on 23 Oct. It calls R’ Shimon Sterin HaLevi “grandson of the Bach and the Taz” and names neither his father nor his grandfather. Closed; the father is still unknown.
• Charif / Taz — Klilat Yofi vol. 1, p. 60 (Kraków 1888): read on 23 Oct. R’ Tzvi Hirsch HaLevi of Dąbrowa’s stone recorded that he was “of the descendants of the Taz”; his sons were R’ Yaakov of Wolbrom (later Kraków) and R’ Yosef Charif. No generation in between is named. Closed.
• Charif / Taz — Kuntres Geza Kodesh (Bnei Brak 1985), p. 7 (“Avraham HaLevi Stern”): not yet seen.
• Charif / Taz — Descendants of R’ Tzvi Hirsch Weiss, R’ Yosef Charif’s grandson through Shprintza (his wife a daughter of the Maharam Ash).
• Charif / Taz — Dąbrowa Tarnowska rabbinate lists, and the Pinkas HaKehillot entry for Dąbrowa.
• Charif / Taz — An online genealogy chart listing “Charif” and “TaZ”: trace what it rests on.
• Charif / Taz — The Rapoport and Maharam of Lublin names on Sender Freund’s stone: Sender’s grandmother Chane Malke née Katz is called “Katz-Rapoport” in two family sources, so these names may come through her rather than through Chaya Stern. Possible; not checked whether the Sighet Katz-Rapoports descend from the Maharam of Lublin.
• Braun — Jolán Braun’s birth: the Kisvárda civil births of 1911 (and 1916) should hold her act and settle the year.
• Pacht — A Chaim Jossel Pächt × Mariem Fischler family of Sereth (sons Samuel 1837, Israel 1846), and a Benjamin Itzig Schieber family of Câmpulung (Kimpolung): possible relatives of Israel Pacht and Ester Lea Schieber. Possible.
• Rosner — Three Rosner families in the Bukovina indexes, none tied by a record: a Mortko × Freide Rosner of Bistritz; Moshe Simcha Rosner of Sadeu; Schaje Wolf Rosner of Koniatyn. All Possible.
• Reiner — A Reiner family of Waschkoutz (Vășcăuți), the registry town Zeidi’s family used — Boruch Schloma Reiner (children 1921 and 1923) and Jankel Josel × Reisel Reiner (1908): a candidate for Freide Reiner’s family, listed beside the Zalucze/Sniatyn candidate. Possible.
• Freund — A Mount of Olives grave card (65237) for Yaakov Yehoshua son of Yosef Shmuel Freund of Satmar, d. 20 Av 5671 (1911). R’ Yehoshua of Kroli had a son Yosef Shmuel; not placed. Possible.
• Freund — Two 19th-century heads of the Satmar community, Avraham Freund and Yechezkel Zvi Freund, are named in the Satmar memorial book. A family link is Possible only.
• Rosner — Cernăuți, 1942: an Iosel Mordko Rosner and his wife Heindel, and a Mendel Rosner, at Mircea Vodă 8 (city records copied by the Holocaust Memorial Museum, RG-31.006M). Nothing yet shows they were family; Possible only.
• Pacht — Leib Pacht, born 1870 at Câmpulung (a 1942 Cernăuți record): possibly a younger brother of Jacob Pacht, son of Israel and Ester. Possible only; no record names his parents.
• Papi and Babi — Babi’s rescuer in Budapest, “Mr Nagy”: Budapest directories of 1942–50 list textile men named Ferenc Nagy only in Pest, not Buda. Still unidentified. Update (Babi’s interview in the family booklet, online): she calls him “Mr Noyg”, a tailor in Budapest whose brother worked in her father’s factory in Satmar; she was later moved to that brother’s home on the edge of the city (she says “Kishbesh”, probably Kispest), where a Jewish partner of his was also hidden. In 1968 or later she sent money to his widow.
• Katz — Who was R’ Moshe HaKohen, Chane Malke’s father? Now very probably answered: Moshe son of Yehuda Leib HaKohen (block 3, row 5, grave 12; register entry 3012), whose father R’ Yehuda Leib HaKohen Katz son of R’ Meir (d. 1839) is now on the tree as Likely — see his card. Candidate (a), that he was the husband of Mancia Katz-Rapoport (block 3, row 8, grave 2), is RULED OUT: the register entry beside her (3070, row 8, grave 3) reads “Moshe, his wife Mancia, father Tzvi, 5576” — her husband was Moshe son of Tzvi, d. 1816, too early to be Chane Malke’s father. To reach Confirmed: a clear photograph of Moshe’s worn stone, or a record that names both Chane Malke and her grandfather. STATUS: Likely (on the tree).
• Buller — A Buller family at Waszkoutz (Vășcăuți) and Wiznitz in 1854: Littmann Wiznitzer, his son Mordko Leib and a Moische Buller are listed as property owners at Waszkoutz in the 1854 land records (Suceava archive), per a Wiznitzer descendant’s 2017 account on an online genealogy list; the Wiznitzers were Bullers who took the name from Litman Buller. Whether Schloime Leib Buller was a brother or cousin of Litman is not known. Possible.
• Freund — The family tradition that R’ Yehoshua of Kroli was named after his great-uncle, the Pnei Yehoshua: the Pnei Yehoshua’s siblings in published trees (R’ Avraham Falk, Av Beit Din of Dobromil, and a sister) include no Eliezer or Tzipora, so the link stays unexplained. Possible.
• Freund — R’ Pinchas Zelig, Rav of Pápa (father of Nitel and grandfather of Yutel) is now in the tree, with his household as listed in March 1770 and his father R’ Yitzchak (Likely). Still open: where he lived from 1720 until he came to Pápa, his family name, and his wife.
• Pacht — Other Pacht graves in Holon and Tel Aviv that may be kin (Possible, stones not yet read): Mendel ben Mordechai (d. 1977, Holon 2/1/36/17) and Yehudit bat Baruch beside him — perhaps a son of Mordechai Berl and brother of Rivka bat Mordechai Dov; Nachum ben Mordechai and Berta (d. 1950, Kiryat Shaul); Mendel Moshe ben Shmuel (d. 1969, Holon 12/2/8/9) and Leah bat Yitzchak beside him; Fruma bat Shmuel (d. 1963, Kiryat Shaul block 9, the block of Mordechai Markus Pacht); and Arye ben Mendel (d. 1992), Mordechai ben Arye and Klara (d. 1990) and Klara bat Hershko (d. 1988) — perhaps one family. From a review of all 56 Pacht graves in the Tel Aviv burial register (gravez.me).
• Pacht — Rivka bat Mordechai Dov (d. 1976, Holon 13/4/7/23): no one is recorded in the graves beside her in the years searched (1965–68 and autumn 1976), so her husband is still unidentified.
• Rosner — A possible mother for Mordko Rosner: Rivka Rosner, died 1920 at Vășcăuți (Vashkivtsi), stone G32, “Rivka bat Menachem Mendel” (JOWBR record J_BUCOVINA_0005502). The stone begins “isha” (the wife), so Rosner was her married name and Menachem Mendel was her own father. A married Rosner woman dying in 1920 in Mordko’s town is the right age to be his mother, and Mordko’s son Mendel (b. 1904) could be named for her father. Possible only: nothing on the stone names her husband or children. Other Rosners buried there, not linked: Meir (d. 1915, plot N1; Meir Rosner × Etti Malke Richter had children registered at Waschkoutz in 1910–11), Emanuel (d. 1914, N4) and Bertha/Baila bat Chaim Natan (d. 1914, H22). Meir could be Mordko’s brother (Possible).
• Buller — Shimon Buller (stone at Rădăuți, d. 1932, “son of Shlomo Yehuda”, JOWBR J_BUCOVINA_0014899) — possibly a younger brother of Malka Steigman née Buller (no age at death, so Possible only). He married Rosa née Rosner (her stone reads “bat Moshe Simcha”, JOWBR J_BUCOVINA_0015562) — another Buller–Rosner tie, not placed. Also unplaced: Hodel Buller bat Yaakov Yosef of Vashkivtsi (J_BUCOVINA_0005299). The original 1881 Rădăuți marriage page (photo P1120791), which should name both sets of parents, has not been found online.
• Pacht — Resel Pachte, died 1906, buried at Câmpulung (JOWBR J_BUCOVINA_0004932; name and year only) — the only Pacht in the Câmpulung cemetery index; not placed. The Schieber stones there (J_BUCOVINA_0005013–0005019) carry no Hebrew names or fathers, so none can be tied to Ester Lea Schieber.
• Katz — Above R’ Moshe HaKohen — corrected (25 Oct 2026). The chain suggested here earlier, Gershon → Mordechai → Yehuda Leib HaKohen Katz son of Mordechai (d. 5629 = 1868/69, block 2, row 6, grave 12) → Moshe, is withdrawn: a Moshe who died in 1864 and had a grown son by 1842 cannot be the son of a man who died in 1868/69 and belongs a generation later. The corrected chain is Meir → Yehuda Leib HaKohen Katz son of Meir (d. Shemini Atzeret 5600 = 30 Sep 1839, block 3, row 5, grave 15; register entry 3015) → Moshe → Chane Malke, on the tree as Likely. The Katz-Rapoport stones of block 3 (Mordechai and Mancia, children of a Gershon) remain unconnected to this line.
• Kaufman — Hani (Anna) Kaufman née Szakmári’s own family: a Szakmári family from her birthplace Legenyemihályi lived at Nagyrozvágy and Ricse (Bodrogköz, Zemplén) — Farkas (Wolf, Wilhelm) Szakmári and Mali (Manczi) Weltman had Rezi (1877), Móric (1879), József (1882), Bernát (1887) and Márkus (1889), and the 1887 and 1889 entries give the parents’ birthplace as “L. Mihály”; Katti (Karolina) Szakmári, born about 1848, wife of the shoemaker Ignác Arenstein (Orenstein) of Ricse, has “L. Mihály” as her birthplace in 1890–92. A Bernát Weltman was a witness at the 1896 wedding of Hani’s daughter Fáni at Varannó. Farkas, an innkeeper at Nagyrozvágy, died there on 3 Jan 1918 aged 74 (so born about 1844, like Hani); his death entry gives his parents as “unknown” (Nagygéres civil deaths 1918, entry 2, original seen). Farkas and Katti may be Hani’s brother and sister (Possible; no record names their parents). Her death in 1897 was reported by “her cousin Albert Stern”.
• Kaufman — A Volf Kaufman was a taxpayer at Varannó in 1828 (Zemplén county property tax census, entry 15, FHL film 623193). Manesz Kaufman of nearby Tótkajna was born about 1820, so Volf could be of his father’s generation (Possible only).
• Stern — Other Sterns of Kurima, not linked to Anshel (Jakob) Stern: Salamon Stern (c.1819–1904, widower of Hani Salczer) and Dávid Stern (c.1825–96, tavern keeper of Radoma, husband of Tauba Lichtig) were both sons of an Izsák Stern, a merchant of Kurima (Slovak civil deaths). Anshel was born at Sztropkó about 1800, so they may be cousins rather than brothers (Possible).
• Kaufman — Albert Kaufman, a tailor born about 1873 in what became Czechoslovakia, son of an Ignatz Kaufman (mother not given), died in Manhattan on 21 Aug 1931 (New York City deaths, certificate 20683). He may be another son of Ignácz Kaufman and Hani Szakmári, whose son Adolf was in New York by 1885 (Possible only).
• Pacht — A Basie Pacht married Lipa Stein of Șipotele (Schipot); their son Simche Stein was born there about 1867 and became a timber merchant in Straja (his son Gedali’s birth entry, Șipotele 1889, with a 1928 note). Mottel Steigman was “from Schipot” in 1883 — two of Papi’s families in the same small village. How Basie was related to Israel Pacht is not known (Possible).
• Freund — Feiga Freund (d. 13 Jan 1927, plot 12/7A/10): her stone names her father “R’ Alexander Freund”. That he is Sender is Likely, not proven. Wanted: her Satu Mare civil birth entry (about mid-1925) naming both parents.
• Freund — Source note: the Satu Mare Jewish Community Collection (1945–1988; administrative files to 1960 and postwar papers on communal property), described by the Archives of Jewish Bukovina & Transylvania, https://jbat.lbi.org/items/show/2761 . Access is through the Satu Mare Jewish community; nothing in it is known to name the family yet.
• Freund — The Naszód Rav’s stone may name an earlier rabbinate at “Radna” (a worn line). Which town is meant (Óradna/Rodna?) and when he served there is open.
• Freund — the 1600s — THE LINE’S 1600s-BORN CANDIDATE (Likely link, not proven; kept off the tree on purpose). R’ Rafael Segal of Pápa was “son of R’ Moshe” (family yahrzeit list, Lechem Shlomo 1938, p. 476) and came from Pressburg (Gedulat Yehoshua, 1986, p. 24). His family surname, which is rare, is found in the 1700s only in Pressburg and Pápa. In Pressburg the one Moses of that family is a Levite: “Moses son of the Rav R’ Raphael Segal” signs the burial society’s book in 1760–68 (printed from the book by Max Schay, Jüdisches Familienblatt, Bratislava, 14 Feb 1930, pp. 39–41, and in his 1933 printing of the society’s minutes, Zeitschrift für die Geschichte der Juden in der Tschechoslowakei III, p. 81); he is on the Pressburg Jewish list of 5 May 1747 with a wife and two children, and on the Schlossgrund list of 10 Nov 1767 as a dealer in old ironware, with a grown son Jacob in his own household (Magyar-Zsidó Oklevéltár VII, pp. 790–795, and XVI, doc. 27/1). Pápa’s clerks wrote R’ Rafael “Raphael Moyses”, and he appears there in 1778, soon after Moses died (c. 1768–70). If R’ Moshe is this Moses, then Moses’s father RAPHAEL OF PRESSBURG is Babi’s 5× great-grandfather: he is on the Pressburg Jewish list of 1709 with Loeb of the same family (then vice-judge of the Jews), heads a household in the 1736 list, is listed alone in 1747 and is gone by 1767 — an adult in 1709, so born no later than about 1690. Each step is Likely, but no single document names R’ Rafael of Pápa as Moses’s son, and a chain of several Likely steps is not proof. What would prove it: an entry in the Pressburg or Pápa community books, or the family book Kol Todah (Brooklyn 1969), §§ 71–73, naming R’ Rafael’s father. (Checked again on 23 Oct 2026, evening: the two lineage books that would name R’ Rafael’s father — Kol Todah, Brooklyn 1969, branch 2 §§71–73, and Shalshelet Avot II §60 — are still not to be found online; the Pápa list of 1803 gives no birthplaces; no new document joins the two men, so this stays off the tree.)
• Freund — the 1600s — A 1930 study of the same Pressburg family (Schay, above) says the family was in Pressburg from the early 1600s. No document before 1709 names it there, and Jews were only re-admitted to the Pressburg Schlossgrund in the 1690s. Traditional lineage, unproven.
• Freund — the 1600s — Traditional lineage, unproven: a published paternal chain (B. Pantilat, Toladot blog, 29 Aug 2012; repeated in an Israel Heritage Foundation yahrzeit booklet, Elul 5784) makes Tzipora, wife of R’ Eliezer, a daughter of R’ Asher Anshel Wiener, Av Beit Din of Miskolc, whose line is said to go up to the Shapira family of Prague and to R’ Sinai of Nikolsburg, brother of the Maharal of Prague. The critique in Alei Zikaron 22 (14 Tammuz 5776 = 2016, pp. 2–9) rejects it (“this yichus, as it stands, never was”): R’ Anshel of Miskolc was born between 1714 and about 1725 (his eldest son was born in 1747), too young to be the father of a woman whose son R’ Itzik was born about 1732; the oldest printed form of the claim made R’ Itzik, not R’ Eliezer, Anshel’s son-in-law, which the 1770 estate papers disprove. Disputed; not used.
• Freund — the 1600s — Traditional lineage, unproven: “of the stock of the Shelah, the Maharshal and Rashi” (Pantilat 2012; the Israel Heritage Foundation booklet adds the Rema, the Maharam and the Shach), and “of the stock of the Maharal, the Shelah and the Maginei Shlomo” (the Lechem Shlomo yahrzeit list on R’ Yehoshua of Kroli). No chain of generations is given in any of these sources.
• Rosner — Văscăuţi, 1941 — A Mendel Rosner on a 1941 list of Jews sent from Văscăuţi to Jaruga (RG-31.004M, reel 11, image 434), no age or parents; and Mina Schikler née Rosner, 33, daughter of Meier and Etti, on an earlier Văscăuţi list (RG-31.004M, reel 1). Mordko’s son Mendel is recorded as dying in 1940 at Banila pe Ceremuș, so the 1941 Mendel is not shown to be him. Possible only.
• Kaufman — Hani (Anna) Kaufman née Szakmári’s possible parents: the 1869 census of Mihályi (Legenyemihályi), her birth village, has one Jewish Szakmári household — József Szakmári (b. 1815) and his wife Betti née Moskovits (b. 1820), with their children Farkas (1849), Eliás (185–), Kati (1855) and Ábrahám (1864). Farkas and Kati are the people earlier rounds took to be Hani’s siblings; Farkas’s wife was a Weltman, and a Bernát Weltman witnessed Fáni’s 1896 wedding. Source: 1869 Hungarian census, Zemplén county, Mihályi (FHL film 722744; FamilySearch DGS 8144615, image 619), original seen. STATUS: Possible (strong) — would be proved by a marriage entry of Farkas or Kati naming parents, or Hani’s own marriage entry. Kati (Katalin) Szakmári, wife of Ignác Arenstein, died at Nagyrozvágy on 7 Dec 1923, aged 72 (Hungarian civil registration, Nagyrozvágy deaths 1923 no. 37, FamilySearch index 1:1:6V1R-X2W9; the image, which should name her parents, opens only at a FamilySearch center, DGS 5846488); two of her children, Joseph (b. 1884) and Sarah (b. 1893) Arenstein, married in Cincinnati, Ohio, and both records name their mother Kate/Catherina Szatmary (Likely).
• Freund — Szabó’s Erdély zsidói (1938), p.210, calls the late rabbi of Naszód “the renowned Chajim Freund”; no Chajim Freund was rav there, and the man meant is the Naszód Rav, R’ Avraham Yehoshua (d. 1932). The book’s Naszód page is used only for the town (about 60 Jewish families). STATUS: checked — a name error in the book, not a new person.
• Katz — Was Bobbe Hinda R’ Moshe HaKohen’s mother rather than his wife’s mother? A 2025 family lineage post names “R’ Moshe Katz son of R’ Yehuda Leib … his wife Hinda daughter of Gershon”, which can be read as making Hinda the wife of R’ Yehuda Leib, i.e. Moshe’s mother. The family booklet, followed on the tree, makes her Fayga’s mother. Her age (born about 1773) fits either. STATUS: open question, Possible only; the tree is not changed.
• Freund — A possible sister of R’ Itzik Krob, son of R’ Eliezer: in Balogh’s 2019 catalogue of 18th-century Hungarian Jewish gravestones, no. 174 (p. 193) is a Pápa stone of “Mrs Leah daughter of R’ Lizer” (מ׳ לאה בת כה ליזר ז״ל), d. 4 Shevat 5551 (9 Jan 1791), plot 3, row 19, grave 7, praised for her charity. A daughter of an Eliezer in 18th-century Pápa could be R’ Itzik’s sister, but only the names agree. STATUS: lead only; not on the tree.
• Katz — Possible daughters of R’ Yehuda Leib HaKohen Katz: in his own row of the old Sighet cemetery (block 3, row 5) lie grave 28, “Ester Chaya daughter of Yehuda Leib”, d. 5575 (1815), and grave 29, “Shifra daughter of Yehuda HaKohen”, d. 5600 (1840) (Sighet burial register). They may be his daughters, Moshe’s sisters; nothing but the names and the row ties them to him. STATUS: Possible only; not on the tree.
• Freund — Egyenlőség (Budapest), 8 March 1895, p. 8, “Kisebb Königswarter-eset” (page image in the gallery): the paper calls the late Ábrahám Freund, for many years president of the Satmar Orthodox community, a brother of Freund Mózes Árje, president of the Orthodox community of Máramarossziget, Freund Ezekiel of Szatmár and Freund Ignácz of Nagykároly. It names no parents and does not say whether they were full or half brothers. Kept apart from the tree: Mózes Árje matches R’ Moshe Aryeh Freund of Sighet by name, town and office (the same paper reports his death on 30 March 1902); Ábrahám may be the tree’s R’ Avraham Yaakov of Satmar (died 23 Jan 1877), but the paper’s “sixteen years ago” points to about 1879, so that identity is not closed; Ignácz may be the tree’s R’ Yitzchak (Ignácz) of Kroli, not independently closed; Ezekiel is not on the tree — a compiled Satu Mare cemetery transcription has a Jehezkel Zwi Freund, community president, died 3 Apr 1912 aged 66, with a different father’s name, and he is not merged. STATUS: a newspaper’s account; the identities stay open.
• Freund — Ezekiel (Jehezkel) Freund of Szatmár, d. 4 Apr 1912: president of the Szatmár Orthodox community (several terms, 1886–87 and 1906–12), a director of the Discount Bank and one of the town’s oldest grain merchants (Szamos and Új Szatmár, 5 Apr 1912 — Confirmed). He is Likely the cemetery register’s Jehezkel Zvi Freund, father “Jozsef”, whose widow Fejge and daughter Etija Frankl lie in row 4/10 at Satu Mare; the register index names his wife Fani Spitz and his children Juli (1869), Etel (1870; married Mihály Frankl, his successor as president, in 1888) and Samuel (1872) (Likely, index). How he was related to Ábrahám Freund of Satmar is open: Egyenlőség 1895 calls them brothers, while Mór Stern’s history of the community calls Ezekiel Ábrahám’s nephew (Possible; see the list of differing dates). If nephew, his father “Jozsef” would fit R’ Yosef Shmuel, a son of R’ Yehoshua of Kroli — Possible only. The Szatmár merchant Freund József was alive in 1907, so he cannot be Ezekiel’s father. Caution: a Sándor Freund born at Szatmár on 23 Nov 1897 to Samuel Freund junior and Berta Grosz, with Ezekiel as sandek, is a different person from Reb Chaim’s son Sender (Sándor) — not to be merged. His wife (night reports, 28 Oct 2026): the Satu Mare cemetery register, from the State Archive death entries, has “widow (Spitz) Fani, wife of Jehezkel, Eötvös str. 9, [father] Jakab, 4 Jul 1917, 70 years old” — so she was Fani Spitz, daughter of Jakab, born about 1847, and outlived him (Confirmed as a register extract; the original act not seen). The row-4/10 stone read as “Freund Fejge Jehezkelne, mother Mindel, 20 Jul 1913” is Likely the same woman: 20 Jul 1913 is 15 Tammuz 5673 and 4 Jul 1917 is 14 Tammuz 5677 — the same day and month, the years one similar Hebrew letter apart, and the row’s other burials date 1919–26; Fejge is the Yiddish form of Fani. If so, her mother was Mindel (Likely); the stone photograph is not online to check the year. The row also holds their daughter Etija Frankl and her husband Mihály, Reb Chaim’s wife Chaya née Stern, two daughters of R’ Moshe Aryeh and Chaya’s sister Gitel Brettler — a family row that supports kinship but does not say how (Possible, kinship only). His own grave is 6/1/9. More on him: Szatmár-Németi, 7 Apr 1912, p. 3: a member of the municipal council, president of the Orthodox community and a director of the Szatmár Discount Bank, he died on the 4th at 6 a.m. (Confirmed); his grain business stood at Deák tér 27 (Szamos, 28 Jun 1913; Confirmed). JOWBR reads his stone’s date as 17 Nisan 5662, which must be 5672 = 4 Apr 1912, agreeing with the papers; the civil extract says 3 Apr. On the father’s name: the same Szatmár register entered Ábrahám’s son Schosia (Yehoshua) as “Josef” in 1870, so “Jozsef” does not rule out R’ Yehoshua (the brother reading) nor prove R’ Yosef Shmuel (the nephew reading) — Possible either way. The next record: Ezekiel’s 1912 civil death entry in the original (parents’ names), and a photograph of stone 4/10/2. STATUS: not on the tree.
• Freund — Berta (Baszje) Berkovits’s father: the birth index names Mihály (Mechel) Feuerverger, wood merchant of Fehéregyháza, but several Mechel Feuervergers lived there in those years — one born 9 Mar 1858 to Josef Aharon and Malke (Josef Aharon d. 1891 aged 65), others with other wives. Her mother Szura Berkovits was of Vajnag, where Ancsel (Anshel) and Ester Berkovits and a Marjem Berkovics (her son’s godfather in 1889 was Mechel Feuerverger, so perhaps Szura’s sister) lived. Two Fehéregyháza Mechels are the right age: the son of Josef Aharon and Malke (b. 9 Mar 1858) and the son of Hosie and Frimet (b. 1 Mar 1861); Berta’s twin sisters of 1896 were named Malke and Frimet — the names of both candidates’ mothers, so the naming does not decide it. A Mechel Feuerverger stood godfather in 1889 to a son of Marjem Berkovits of Vajnag (Mrs Lazar Iszakovits), perhaps Szura’s sister — but the godfather link may come through the Iszakovits family. The only Berkovits household indexed at Vajnag in the 1860s is Anshel and Ester’s; Szura’s parents are not found. Night report, round 5 (28 Oct 2026): a naming test slightly favours the 1858 Mechel, son of Josef Aharon and Malke — after Josef Aharon died (12 Jan 1891, aged 65) his family named new sons after him (1892, 1894); the two other young Mechel families of Fehéregyháza (× Malka Farkas; × Seindel Iszakovits) named sons Juda Szender, Marku and Abraham Leib instead, so neither looks like Josef Aharon’s son, while Mechel × Szura had only daughters after 1891, so the test cannot rule him out. Against it, the 1896 twins carry both grandmothers’ names. Either way Berta’s father belongs to the Fehéregyháza Feuerverger clan of Josef Aharon, Hosie and Herc (brothers or cousins); the oldest couple there, Mozes Feuerverger (d. 6 Jun 1883 aged 74) and Devojra (d. 16 Aug 1876 aged 60), may be their parents (ages only). No deaths of Malka Deits or Frimet Glik, and no marriages of the twins, are in the Máramaros indexes. STATUS: Possible only (a naming argument, not settled); the original Book 281 page 89 may give more.
• Freund — Szasze Abrahamovits’s father Abraham of Bártfa: an Abraham Abrahamovits, aged 30, house 190, born in Bártfa, is in the Bártfa Jewish census of 1856, beside Lebus (Löbl) Abrahamovits, aged 48; and an Abraham and Reizel Abrahamovits had children married in 1889 (Hersko, aged 34; Bina, aged 26). Szasze, born about 1859, would fit between them. STATUS: Possible only — nothing names her; her Bártfa birth entry would settle it.
• Freund — Freund firms in the Satu Mare county archive (inventory of company files 1864–1949, Inv. 6): besides Reb Chaim’s own (1907–29) and “Fiii lui Freund Chaim S.A.” (1930–45), files exist for Freund Anschel (leather, 1920), Freund Tobia (flour, 1915–25), the sons of Freund Zelman (grocery, 1922), Fraţii Freund (1905–42; 1924–31) and Freund Samuilă junior and son (grain, 1895–1915, 1920–43). “Freund Tobia” may be Reb Chaim’s son Tuvia Gedalia — Possible (name and town only). No file is for a firm founded in 1898; the founders of “Freund Chaim Fiai” are still not named. A Sámuel, son of Ábrahám Freund, gave a prayer seat in 1903 (Mór Stern) — a lead for Ábrahám’s sons. STATUS: Possible only.
• Stern — Stern of Kurima in print: the 1887 handbook of firms lists at Kurima a general store under the name “Hani Stern”, signed per procura by Salamon Stern, and the general store of Josef Stern. ANSWERED (28 Oct 2026): the store was Likely that of Hani (Chana) née Salczer, wife of Salamon Stern — not Chaya’s. The 1857 census of Kurima (house 20/1) lists Salamon Stern, b. 1819, tradesman, his wife Chana née Salczer, and sons Ignatz (1842), Josef (1847), Natan (1853) and Moses (1857); Salamon, son of Izsák, died at Kurima on 16 Dec 1904 aged 85, widower of Hani Salczer, reported by his son Izrael, a merchant. Josef’s store fits their son Josef. This Stern family (sons of Izsák; David Stern of Radoma, d. 1896, looks like a brother) is not linked to Anshel Stern of Sztropkó and is not merged with ours. Also: Nathan Stern, wholesale spirits dealer, with a Kurima branch (1892), and Israel Stern, general merchant at Kurima (1899) — Possible kin. A Seltenreich József was an innkeeper at Zboró in 1892 — Possible kin of Rosi Seltenreich. STATUS: answered for the store (Likely); the rest Possible only; not on the tree.
• Rosner — Feibisch Rosner, born 1875 at Banila-Slobodzia (Waschkoutz district), died 7 Aug 1917 (Austro-Hungarian casualty list no. 622, 30 Oct 1917); husband of Sure and father of Taube. A same-district Rosner a few years younger than Mordko. STATUS: Possible kin only; nothing ties him to Mordko.
• Rosner — “Herr Josef Hübner, Wiznitz — Fräulein Minn[a] Rosner, Vilauce empfehlen sich als Verlobte” (Czernowitzer Morgenblatt, 9 Jan 1930, p. 8). She may be a daughter of Mordko Rosner of Vilaucea — the village was small and Mariem Rosner announced her engagement the same way — but nothing names her parents. STATUS: Possible only; not on the tree.
• Rosner — A hypothesis, not a finding: Mordko named a son Mendel (b. 1904), a Rifka Rosner of Banila-Slobodzia named a son Mendel (b. 1895), and the Possible Rivka daughter of Menachem Mendel (d. 1920, Vășcăuți stone) may be Mordko’s mother. A Menachem Mendel Rosner who died before 1895 would fit all three, as Mordko’s father or Rivka’s. Nothing proves it. Also fitting: Isak Rosner, d. 24 Feb 1935 at Chernivtsi aged 73, “Yitzchak son of Menachem Mendel” on his stone (JOWBR J_BUCOVINA_0034877) — nothing places him at Vilaucea or Vășcăuți. STATUS: open question only; no such person is on the tree.
• Rosner — Checked and not ours: Fradel Rosner of Banila, dead by 1926 — she was Fradel née Thau, wife of Leib Rosner, not Freide Reiner; and a Mordko Rosner “Singer” of Broscăuți, dead by 1909 — not our Mordko, who lived to 1939. Also checked with nothing found: the Vășcăuți (807), Banyliv (448) and Vyzhnytsya (2,188) burial rows, read by first name and father’s name, have no burial of Mordko or Freide; the interwar Bukovina press has no death notice for Freide.
• Pacht — The older Mendel Pacht of Dorna-Kandreny: married to a Rachel about Feb 1904 (silver wedding, Feb 1929), a brother Abraham, a yahrzeit for his mother in 1926, a Zionist worker and delegate of Dorna-Kandreny 1909–1935. Not the tree’s Mendel (b. 1891, married 1923). He may be a son of Shmuel Yitzchak Pacht and Chanze Klipper of Kandreny — Possible (place and age only). The 1919 Dorna-Watra collections “per Mendel Pacht” could be either man. Night reports, 28 Oct 2026: Shmuel Yitzchak and Chanze’s son Abraham Salamon was born at Kandreny on 28 Nov 1884, and the Romanian official gazette of 9 Jan 1939 names “Pacht Mendel și Pacht Abraham Solomon din comuna Dorna Cândreni” together — so the older Mendel as their son is a stronger Possible (their son Jankel, b. 1877, is the right age, but nothing says Jankel = Mendel). STATUS: Possible only; do not merge; not on the tree.
• Pacht — Other Dorna Pachts in print, kinship not shown: Rosa Pächt, daughter of Abraham Pacht of Dorna-Kandreny, engaged to Moritz Gold of Zabie (Czernowitzer Tagblatt, 23 Feb 1907) — her father may be the tree’s Abraham (b. 1857) or the older Mendel’s brother; Salamon Leib, Schmaja and Samuel Pächt of Dorna (1894); S. Itzig, Mendel, Schmaje and Josef Pacht, Dorna-Watra donors (1919; “S. Itzig” Likely Shmuel Yitzchak); Salomon Pacht of Dorna-Watra engaged to Frida Fischler of Kimpolung (1908; not the tree’s Shlomo); Adv. Julius Pacht of Seletin (1919–37); a young tenor Israel Pacht (1936). Not to be merged on the name: a Markus Pacht of Câmpulung (silver wedding 1925) and a Dr Markus Pächt listed among the dead in 1957. The Vatra Dornei memorial book lists “PECHT Shmil Itzik”, born 1877, Mogilev 1942 (may be Shmuel Yitzchak; the birth year disagrees), Herman (b. 1870) and Marcus (b. 1880) Pecht, sons of Abraham, and “STEIGMAN Bila”, Transnistria 1941. STATUS: Possible only.
• Buller — Buller and Steigmann leads: Mortko Buller (d. at Sadeu 1881, aged 3) and Gitel Buller (d. at Rădăuți 1885, aged 1½), children of an Aharon — Possibly Witie Lea’s; an Aharon Buller d. 1889 at Rădăuți aged 37. A Hersch Buller and Blime née Fischler of Arbora, later Seletin, had children from 1875 (Benjamin, b. 1880 at Seletin) — perhaps the tree’s Hersch Tzvi Dov, but there may have been two Hersch Bullers; not merged. Itzig Litmann and Reisel Steigmann had a son Uscher Leib, born at Sadeu on 19 Aug 1893; a Marcus Steigmann married Sara Enselberg at Rădăuți on 25 Dec 1894; a Hersch Jakob Steigmann (1884) and a Schaje Steigmann (1903) lived at Wiznitz. No record links any of them to Mottel. STATUS: Possible only.
• Braun — Braun child deaths at Kisvárda with no parents given in the index: Hany (6 months, 10 Apr 1864), Josef (aged 3, 8 Mar 1866), Josef (aged 3, 15 Feb 1868), David (aged 7, 21 Aug 1870) and Rebi (aged 10, 9 May 1873). They fit the gaps between the known children of József Braun and Hani Egi, but other Braun families lived there. STATUS: Possible only; the original Kisvárda death register gives the parents.
• Kaufman — Kaufman of Tótkajna: Gérson Mánesz Kaufman, born 8 Sep 1883 at Tótkajna to Samu Kaufman and Hani Blum (original entry read; a sister Szose, 1887). Samu may be Shimon, a son of Manesz — Possible. By the usual custom a grandson named Manesz in 1883 would mean Manesz was dead by then, which cuts against identifying him with the Manisz who died at Benkőc in 1901 aged 90 — a reasoning point, not proof. A Kaufman Vilmos was an innkeeper at Benkőc in 1892 (Possible kin). No remarriage or death of Manesz is in the Varannó-district Jewish registers of 1874–95. STATUS: Possible only.
• Charif / Taz — Survey pages with photographs (rights reserved, so linked, not shown): the Jewish cemetery of Zborov, https://www.esjf-cemeteries.org/survey/zborov-jewish-cemetery/ (no stone or tomb house identifiable as R’ Yosef Charif’s among its 11 photos), and the old Jewish cemetery of Kurima, https://www.esjf-cemeteries.org/survey/kurima-old-jewish-cemetery/. The Center for Jewish Art also has documentation sets for both (53055, 53001).
• Rosner — Rosa Buller née Rosner’s father, Moshe Simcha Rosner: her son was named Moses Simche before 1881, so by custom her father had probably died by then, and the “Moses Simche Rosner … in Rostoki” (Wiznitz district) of a 1908 donor list (Czernowitzer Tagblatt 16 Sep 1908 p. 4) is more likely a namesake relative. An “Jtzig Simche Rosner” of Wiznitz appears in 1906–07. Unsurnamed Vyzhnytsya stones that fit by name and date only: “Moshe Simcha ben Naftali Zvi”, d. 3 Jan 1869 (JOWBR J_BUCOVINA_0006316); “Moshe Simcha ben David”, d. 1899 (J_BUCOVINA_0007771, probably too late); and “Sarah Yute bat Moshe Simcha”, d. 1882 (J_BUCOVINA_0006611). Nothing ties her family to Mordko’s Rosners of Vilaucea. The next record: the Rădăuți civil marriage of 3 Feb 1881 (Shimon Buller × Rosa Rosner). STATUS: Possible only.
• Rosner — Two Rosner girls named Mina were born in 1910 in the Vășcăuți registers: Mina, daughter of Meier and Etti Malke Richter (18 Feb 1910, Waschkoutz; later Mina Schikler née Rosner), and Mina, daughter of Chaim Nussen and Malca Meerbaum (1910, Banila-Slobodzia, a late registration). So the “Minna Rosner, Vilaucea” engaged to Josef Hübner of Wiznitz in Jan 1930 (Czernowitzer Morgenblatt 9 Jan 1930 p. 8) is not settled as Meier’s daughter. Neither is Mordko’s daughter (his six children are all on the tree). STATUS: Possible only.
• Rosner — Meir Rosner: besides the Vashkivtsi stone (J_BUCOVINA_0005772, 1915), JOWBR’s Vyzhnytsya set has “Rozner, Meir, 5 May 1915” (J_BUCOVINA_0007320) — perhaps the same man, which would give the exact date. Not ours, by the records: Jossel Rosner d. Rădăuți 8 Aug 1913 aged 56 (“Yosef ben Moshe Tzvi”) — the Vilaucea Jossel was alive in 1916; Juda Leib Rosner of Rădăuți (m. 1877), son of a Mortko and Freide of Bistritz — the same names as Papi’s grandparents a generation older, a coincidence. STATUS: Possible / not ours.
• Buller — Closed: the 1910 Rădăuți marriage of “Buller / Rosner, Aharon” and Jete Fischler is Likely Aharon Buller, born 5 Dec 1875 at Rădăuți, son of Schloime Buller (son of Jakob Hirsch and Marjem Buller of Wiznitz) and Henie Lifsche née Rosner of Dorohoi, registered under his mother’s name — a different Buller family and a different Rosner family, not a son of Shimon and Rosa. Also not Shimon’s line: the Bullers of Vășcăuți (a Moses Buller there in 1930, a Chaim Buller in 1924, the stone of Hodel Buller daughter of Yaakov Yosef). STATUS: do not merge.
• Pacht — Not our Samuel Pacht: the 1946 “Samuel Pacht, Bucarest”, who received remittances from Efraim Preschel of Tel Aviv, is Samuel Chaim Pacht (Preschel), born 20 Aug 1899 at Dorna Candreni to Salomon Jakob Preschel and Perl Lea, of a second Preschel–Pacht family later in Venezuela (Arolsen Red Line cards, JewishGen index); our Samuel was in Palestine from Dec 1939. How that family relates to ours is unknown (Possible at most). Also not to be merged: Shlomo (Kamiel Shlomo) Preschel, son of Yehoshua and Sara, of Czernowitz, d. 25 May 1952 (Kiryat Shaul) — a different Shlomo from Rav Salman; Israel Preschel of Kfar Ata (d. 1964 aged 93); the 1929 Czernowitz firm “Preschel u. Peretz”. STATUS: do not merge.
• Pacht — The Preschels’ origin: the Arolsen card gives Salomon Preschel’s birthplace as “Dabki, Öster[reich]”; a Dąbki lies in Horodenka district, Galicia, across the Dniester from Zastawna district, where a Klara and an Isak Preschel lived in 1924 (Czernowitzer Allgemeine Zeitung, 13 Jan 1924, p. 10). Geography only. Also: Mortko Leib Hammer (son of Berl and Chaje Pacht) married in 1907 a Sara registered under her mother Ruchel Gottesmann’s surname — that Ruchel may be Rachel Preschel née Gottesmann (b. c.1862); name only. The next records: the Horodenka-district Jewish births 1885–95, and Seide Preschel’s 1922 Czernowitz death entry. STATUS: Possible only.
• Pacht — Klipper: Nute (Nathan) and Jetti Klipper’s own parents and other children are not found — the Wiznitz and Putilla registers before 1919 are not indexed. Klippers of Storonetz-Putilla lived at Dorna Kandreny: Osias Klipper (b. 1876), son of Hersch and Ruchel, married there in 1905; Alter (Gerson) Klipper (b. 1857), son of Abraham and Resi Hochstadt, in 1910; and a Chaim Hoischia Klipper/Pacht, son of Berl Klipper and Schöne Perl and grandson of a Juda and Perl Pacht, married at Wiznitz in 1924 — Possible kin, not linked by any record. STATUS: Possible only.
• Pacht — Hilda Jablonover née Pacht (c.1898 – 21 Jan 1991) of Vatra Dornei, wife of Abraham Jablonover (d. 1975), reached Israel in 1948; her son Yitzhak Yalon (Die Stimme, 1 May 1991, p. 8). Possibly a daughter of an older Abraham Pacht of Dorna; not the tree’s Dvora Jablonover née Pacht (b. 1860). STATUS: Possible only.
• Freund — Ezekiel’s and Ábrahám’s kin: “Krausz Fülöp Pinchas, mother Freund Linka, father József, d. 19 Jan 1914, aged 73” in the Satu Mare cemetery register — a Freund mother born about 1820; no link shown. STATUS: not placed.
• Freund — Chana Malka (Malka) Freund née Brettler’s birth: Magdolna (Leni) Brettler, born at Kurima on 24 Jun 1896 to Ozias Brettler and Gizella Stern, may be Chana Malka — Magdolna is a usual civil name for Malka. Name fit only. STATUS: Possible; the two stay separate on the tree.
• Freund — Zsigmond Stein, the writer of R’ Moshe Aryeh’s 1902 obituary in Zsidó Híradó (signed “Stein Zsigmond.”; it names no relationship to the deceased), may be his grandson Sio (Yehoshua) Stein, born at Sighet in 1880 to Rifke Freund and Salamon Stein. New in round 4 (28 Oct 2026): Sio became a university-trained lawyer, “Dr. Zsigmond Stein”, using that name by 1911–12 (officially changed in 1914); his family lived in Budapest and Vásárosnamény; in April 1902 he was 21–22, the age of a law student in Budapest, where the Orthodox weekly was published. Also Possible: a “Dr Stein Zsigmond” was editor-in-chief of the weekly Mátészalkai Ujság in 1914 (mastheads of 9 Jan, 27 Mar and 26 Jun 1914, Hungaricana) — Mátészalka is near Vásárosnamény; not verified. Name, age, education and family fit; no record says he wrote the obituary. STATUS: Possible.
• Freund — Shmuel Aryeh (Samu, Aharon, Shmuel) Brettler of Halmeu, b. c.1867–68, may be a brother of Osias: a 1944 Satu Mare memorial list names his parents “Jentel” and “Itzhack Zeev”, the names of Osias’s parents, and his wife Gitel. His wife was Gitel née Tabak; their daughter Anna (Chana Malke) Brettler, born at Satu Mare in 1896, married Farkas (Zeev Sender) Szender of Dés at Satu Mare on 25 Aug 1920. A birth in 1867 would make Yitel a mother at about 20. One secondary source and a name fit only. He is not Osias’s son R’ Shmuel (b. 1913). STATUS: Possible; not on the tree.
• Freund — R’ Eliezer Brettler, named among the Brettler rabbis buried at Satu Mare: no record of him was found in the Satu Mare cemetery register, JOWBR, or the town’s birth, marriage and memorial lists. The name may be a mix-up — perhaps R’ Eliezer, R’ Yosef Freund’s son-in-law (d. 2022), who is in the family book. STATUS: open; not on the tree.
• Stern — Shmuel Stern’s later life: his daughter Gitel’s civil marriage of 12 Apr 1904 calls him a house owner and does not mark him deceased (the groom’s father is marked), and Rochel’s 1917 stone on the Mount of Olives writes no z"l after his name though it does after the Taz. Possible that he was living in 1904 and outlived Rochel; neither is proof. No grave of his was found in the Mount of Olives database and no death in the Slovak civil index for Kurima or Sáros. STATUS: Possible.
• Freund — Izsák Farkas Brettler (b. 1902)’s wife: a Satu Mare abstract notes that Ilona Fleischman (b. 1904, daughter of József Fleischman and Debora Abrahamovics — the parents named for Asher Anshil’s wife Fani) married an Izsák Brettler on 4 Jun 1930, while the 1944 memorial list gives his wife’s name as Gitel Freund. Not resolved. STATUS: Possible.
• Freund — Sheindl Stein of Vásárosnamény, father Shalom, mother Rivka, who perished in 1944, may be another daughter of Rifke Freund and Salamon Stein. One memorial record only (item 3588021), and its relationship boxes are muddled. STATUS: Possible.
• Freund — A Mendel Stein, b. 1891 (birthplace given as Budapest), son of Shalom and Rivka, is named in two family memorial records (items 565361, 4077423). He may be the same man as Emil (Emánuel) Stein, b. 23 Sep 1890 (Mendel = Menachem / Emanuel). STATUS: Possible.
• Freund — A “STEIN Sulem” was a witness at a Sighet marriage on 18 Nov 1880 (Eizenberger Chaim × Marmarstein Malka Rifka; Máramaros marriages index, Book 283, 15-29) — possibly Rifke’s husband Salamon (Shalom) Stein (name, place and year fit). STATUS: Possible.
• Freund — A “Stein Salamon” was a board member of the “Rimeana” savings cooperative, seat Vásárosnamény, founded 14 Dec 1890 (Központi Értesítő, 8 Feb 1891, p. 118, Hungaricana) — possibly Rifke’s husband (name and place fit only). STATUS: Possible.
• Braun — Aranka Braun née Karfunkel (b. 24 Sep 1899 at Napkor) may be a daughter of Mihály (Mechel, Mikhael) Karfunkel, from Baligrad in Galicia, and Mali (Amália, Malka) Guttman, from Cisna — the only Karfunkel parents in the Napkor (Nagykálló district) births and deaths index, which ends c.1895: Bernát (Menachem Dov, 1889), Ignácz (1890), Fáni (Feiga, 1892), Móricz (1893), Juli (d. 1890 aged 6); memorial records add Moshe (1895), Yehoshua (1897), Avraham Yitzchak and Eliahu. By 1944 sons Mór and Sámuel Karfunkel, mother “Guttermann Amália”, lived in Nyíregyháza (Nagy Ferenc, A nyíregyházi zsidóság pusztulása, 2004, pp. 236–237, Hungaricana) — the town the 1922 engagement notice names for Aranka. Caution: other Karfunkel households lived at Napkor in 1907–19 (Dániel, Bernát, Dávid, a Lajos). Do not merge: Dvora Braun née Karfunkel, daughter of Mikhel, was the wife of Shmelka (Shlemke) Braun of Kemecse — not Aranka, and her husband is not József. Would be settled by Aranka’s Napkor birth entry (24 Sep 1899) or the 1922 civil marriage. STATUS: Possible.
• Pacht — Czernowitz, April 1920: Ostjüdische Zeitung, 16 Apr 1920, p. 3, reports the founding celebration of the Orthodox youth society Ze’ire Israel (Toynbee Hall, 7 Apr 1920): committee member Salman Preschel gave the closing speech, and Seide Preschel, M. L. Kugler and Nüssen Gottesmann each gave 50 crowns (a Mr Hammer 30). The notice is Confirmed; that these are Rav Salman, his father Seide and their family circle — Kugler is Sprintza’s married name, Gottesmann Rachel’s maiden name, and a Hammer son married a Gottesmann daughter — is Likely to Possible: the paper does not say how they were related. (The cards’ earlier phrase “a Czernowitz Mizrachi meeting” / “Mizrachi committee” comes from this same item.) Source: https://www.difmoe.eu/view/uuid:5e386ad2-f1a0-4d52-baa3-2d1d4928ed89 STATUS: Possible (family circle).
• Pacht — M. L. (Moses Leib) Kugler, a Czernowitz merchant with a porcelain and glass shop in the Palace Hotel building, Rathausstraße — the same trade as the Pacht brothers’ firm — gave beside Seide Preschel in April 1920. Sprintza née Perschel’s married name was Kugler, so he may have been her husband; nothing seen names his wife. STATUS: Possible only.
• Pacht — Rachel Preschel née Gottesmann’s family: Gottesmanns lived at Zwiniacz / Dźwiniaczka (Kotzman–Zastawna district, Bukovina), across the Dniester from Horodenka — Elias Gottesmann, village head of Zwiniacze, signed a relief appeal for Zwiniacze and Kriszczatek in 1903 (Czernowitzer Zeitung, 16 May 1903, p. 4); Nusen Gottesman (b. c.1876, son of Eli and Hudie, of Zwiniacz) married at Horodenka in 1899; a Nussen Gottesmann gave in the same Zastawna district list as Seide Preschel in 1911 and beside him at Czernowitz in 1920. So Rachel (b. c.1862) very possibly came from this family (a daughter or sister of Elias?). No record names her parents. STATUS: Possible only (surname, district and the lists).
• Pacht — Seide Preschel’s own family (Dąbki / Horodenka), all Possible: another Preschel household at Dąbki, Mendel Izik and Alte Preschel, whose son Hersch Dawid died there in May 1891 aged 2½ (Horodenka deaths 1891 no. 73, original page) — perhaps Seide’s brother or cousin; the older Schoil (Saul) and Chaje Preschel of Horodenka town (Chaje d. 1894 aged 78; children Malcie c.1848, Sosie 1855, Margule 1858) — age and place fit as Seide’s parents, but Seide’s daughter Chaje Cirl (1889) was born while this Chaje lived, against the naming custom; and the Korn family of Horodenka — Schulem Korn (c.1821–1897), son of Kasril Salomon Korn and Male, whose grandsons were named Salomon in 1886–93 — a naming fit for Meli (Malie) Korn, who named her son Salomon in 1894. No record names Seide’s or Meli’s parents. STATUS: Possible only; keep off the tree.
• Pacht — Another Pacht family of Dorna-Kandreny: on 25 Jun 1907 Elka Rachel Pächt (b. 1881 at Dorna Kandreny), daughter of Abraham Pacht and Malke Frima née Schäffler, married Moses Feiwisch Gold of Zabie (Bukovina marriages index, Dorna Watra). This Abraham may be the older Mendel Pacht’s brother Abraham, and the father of Rosa Pächt engaged to Moritz Gold in 1907; no record ties him to Shmuel Yitzchak’s family. The older Mendel’s own c.1904 marriage to a Rachel is not in the Bukovina marriages index (59 Pacht rows read). STATUS: Possible kin only.
• Pacht — Do not merge: Salomon Preschel of Czinkeu (Cincău, Zastawna district), named with a Chane Preschel in 1911–13 notices, is very likely the father of Dr Ulrich Maier Preschel (b. 22 Nov 1897 at Cincău, parents Schloma and Chane Weisglas; married Regina Nussbaum at Nepolocăuți in 1927) — an older Salomon, not Seide’s son Salomon (Rav Salman, b. 1894). A brother or cousin of Seide? Possible only (same district). STATUS: do not merge.