Source update · 28 October 2026

Two more historical source notes

A contemporary directory adds detail about Chaim Freund's textile representation. A modern journal reports Yehoshua Freund's appearance in the Carei ledger, with the secondary-source limit made explicit.

Read the sources and limits

28 October 2026: five documentary source groups

New linked notes on Löw letters, ownership inscriptions, Edut Shoshanim and Gedulat Mordechai. No new ancestor or confidence upgrade. Read the evidence and limits.

Research in progress

Latest Finds

New records added to the site, newest first, each with its label and the record it rests on.

28 October 2026, night (round 5: the Preschels of Dąbki and Zastawna; the Pacht brothers’ firm; the Feuervergers)

Read overnight in the original Horodenka register (AGAD Warsaw), the Austrian newspapers on ANNO, the Czernowitz papers on DiFMOE and the JewishGen indexes

Confirmed (the record) — Male Preschel, “wife of Seide Preschel of Dąbki”, died at Dąbki on 21 Jun 1896, aged 35 (Horodenka deaths 1896 no. 81, original page). Likely — she is Meli (Malie) Korn, mother of Samuel Pacht’s wife Chaya Tzirel and of Rav Salman.
Confirmed (printed notices); Likely our Seide — a Seide Preschel was elected to the Zastawna Jewish community board (Sep 1909), registered as owner of a mill at Kriszczatek (3 Jan 1910) and listed as a merchant donor (1911), on the Bukovinian bank across the Dniester from Dąbki.
Confirmed (printed) — the Pacht brothers’ firm is in print as “Brüder Pacht” from 17 Jan 1920, two years before the Frații Pacht adverts; no notice names the partners.
Possible (open leads) — Seide, M. L. Kugler and Salman Preschel at a Czernowitz celebration in April 1920; M. L. Kugler as Sprintza’s husband; Rachel née Gottesmann’s family at Zwiniacze; Seide’s and Meli’s own families at Dąbki and Horodenka; an Abraham Pacht family at Dorna-Kandreny; a naming argument for Berta Berkovits’s father Mechel Feuerverger (b. 1858).

28 October 2026, night (round 4: Reb Chaim’s sister Rifke and the Steins of Vásárosnamény; Kaufman and Karfunkel)

Read overnight in memorial records (original pages), the Hungarian newspapers on Hungaricana, and the JewishGen Hungary and Máramaros indexes

Confirmed — two separate memorial records describe Reb Chaim’s sister Rifke as Rivka Stein née Freund, daughter of Moshe Aryeh and Chana Malka, wife of Shalom, mother of 13. Likely — she lived at Vásárosnamény and perished in 1944 (the records differ on her residence and age).
Likely — eight of Rifke’s children are now on the tree: Sio (Yehoshua), who became Dr Zsigmond Stein, a lawyer at Vásárosnamény (1912); Hinda; Feiga (b. 1883); Emil (b. 1890), chief accountant of the Vásárosnamény savings bank; Zakharia (b. 1895); Dr Aryeh (b. 1897), a physician in Paris; Yitzchak (b. 1904); and Tzvi, who survived.
Confirmed — the witnesses at Fáni Kaufman’s 1896 wedding: Bernát Weltman, a farmer of Vásárosnamény, and Adolf Lederman (index).
Possible (open leads) — Sheindl and Mendel Stein as further children of Rifke; Zsigmond Stein as the writer of R’ Moshe Aryeh’s 1902 obituary; Mihály Karfunkel and Mali Guttman of Napkor as Aranka Braun’s parents; a Weltman link to Hani Szakmári’s family.

28 October 2026, night (round 3: the Brettlers, the Sterns of Kurima, the Seltenreichs)

Read overnight in the Satu Mare, Slovak and Hungarian civil register indexes and abstracts, the Sighet birth index and the 1857 Kurima census

Confirmed — seven more children of Osias (R’ Yehoshua) Brettler and Gitel Stern, from the civil registers: Magdolna (Leni, Kurima 1896), Lecza (Kurima 1898–1900), Johanna (1900), Izsák Farkas (1902), Sándor (1904–05), Mór (Moshe Aryeh, 1906) and Ilona (c.1908), all born at Satu Mare from 1900; exact birth dates for Rozalia (28 Oct 1910) and Jolan (8 Jan 1915). Likely — the Samuel born on 5 Sep 1913 is the family book’s R’ Shmuel.
Confirmed — the 1904 civil marriage of Osias Brettler and Gitel Stern in full: his father Izsák, a land tenant at Kolomea, was dead by then (“widow Freud Ittel”); her parents Samuel Stern, a house owner, and Rachel Seltenreich.
Confirmed — R’ Asher Anshil Yaakov Brettler was born on 15 Dec 1894 and married Fani (Feige) Fleischman at Satu Mare on 10 Feb 1919; their son Vilmos was born in 1920. Likely — his household in 1944, from memorial records.
Likely — two children of Reb Chaim’s sister Rifke and Salamon Stein: Sio (Yehoshua, later Zsigmond), b. Sighet 1880, whose sandek was Izsák Brettler of Kolomea, and Hinda (Lea), b. 1882.
Likely — the 1887 Kurima store in the name “Hani Stern” was that of Hani née Salczer, wife of Salamon Stern (1857 census; his 1904 death entry) — not Chaya’s. The open lead is marked answered.
Likely — R’ Hersh Leib Seltenreich’s wife was Biene (Betti) Weisz; his children David (of Bártfa), Regina and Lina join R’ Yosef on the tree. Confirmed (index) — R’ Yosef’s 1879 marriage and five of his children. David’s wife’s Bártfa Rosner family is not Papi’s.
Possible (Open leads) — Magdolna as Chana Malka; Sio Stein as the Zsigmond Stein of the 1902 obituary; a Shmuel Aryeh Brettler of Halmeu as Osias’s brother; Shmuel Stern living in 1904; R’ Eliezer Brettler (no record found).

28 October 2026, night (round 2: three more overnight reports)

Read overnight in cemetery and civil registers, printed notices and burial-photo indexes

Confirmed — Ezekiel Freund of Szatmár’s wife was Fani Spitz, daughter of Jakab; she died a widow on 4 Jul 1917 aged 70 (Satu Mare cemetery register, from the State Archive). Likely — the row-4/10 stone of “Fejge, wife of Jehezkel”, mother Mindel, is hers. His kinship (brother or nephew of Ábrahám) stays open — on the Open leads page.
Likely — R’ Avraham Yaakov Freund of Satmar’s second family with Katalin Friedman: six births 1870–76; his sons took the surname Balla in 1892–93, which explains the “Balla Sámuel, son of Ábrahám Freund” of the 1903 community history.
Likely — Katalin née Friedman’s father was Aharon Friedman; she was 34 at her 1882 remarriage.
Confirmed — why Samuel Pacht’s wife was “Korn”: her brother Salomon (Rav Salman) Preschel, born 1894 at the same Dabki, was the son of Chaim Dov Preschel and Meli née Korn (Arolsen card, index). Likely — Korn was her mother’s surname.
Confirmed — Cheize Pacht née Preschel’s own death notice (Die Stimme, 1 Sep 1968) names her brother Rav Salmen Preschel and her sister Sprinze Kugler. Likely — the two Pacht brothers married two Preschel sisters.
Likely — Mendel Pacht’s wife Etel was the daughter of Seide Preschel (d. 1922) and Rachel née Gottesmann (d. Suceava 1935); Seide is Likely the same man as R’ Chaim Dov.
Confirmed — Mordechai Markus Pacht’s gravestone at Kiryat Shaul: “aged 66 … son of Shmuel Yitzchak” (photo in the gallery). Likely — he is the Marcus born at Kandreny on 4 Dec 1889.
Confirmed — two more children of Shmuel Yitzchak Pacht and Chanze Klipper: Jankel (1877) and Abraham Salamon (1884); Henzi’s exact birth (29 Apr 1881) and death (Bucharest, 1974).
Confirmed — four more children of Berl Hammer and Chaje Pacht: Jacob (1878), Mortko Leib (1880), Mendel (1885) and Ettel (1887).
Confirmed — Rosa Buller née Rosner’s death, a second source (the Rădăuți deaths index). Likely — the 1939 “Abraham Rosner” is a press error for Mordko.

28 October 2026, night (five overnight research reports)

Read overnight in printed sources, registers and burial registries

Confirmed — R’ Moshe Aryeh Freund’s obituary, Zsidó Híradó, 3 Apr 1902: for decades president of the Sighet community, member of the county committee and the tax-assessment committee (page in the gallery).
Likely — R’ Moshe Aryeh’s firms at Sighet: leather and general merchant (1887); the timber firm “Freund, Ganz és Freund fiai” with his sons Ignácz (Izsák) and Salamon (Shalom), formed 9 Aug 1893; Izsák’s wife Száli Abrahámovits a flour dealer (1887).
Confirmed — Reb Chaim Freund: the Katz partnership ended in April 1897; in Sep 1934 he bought the former Great Steam Mill of Szatmár for his textile factory. Likely — his 1917 address, Zrínyi utca 7.
Likely — Berta (Baszje) Berkovits’s birth entry: 18 Jan 1892, Fehéregyháza, father Mechel Feuerverger, wood merchant, mother Szura Berkovits of Vajnag; her brother Abraham Jakob (1887) and twin sisters Malke and Frimet (1896).
Likely — Ábrahám (Avraham Yaakov) Freund’s widow Katalin was née Friedman; she remarried in 1882.
Confirmed — Ezekiel Freund of Szatmár died on 4 Apr 1912 (two Szatmár papers); his place in the family is still open (brother or nephew of Ábrahám) — on the Open leads page.
Confirmed — Feige Buller née Steigman’s gravestone at Rădăuți: died 12 Adar 5693 = 10 Mar 1933, in her 56th year.
Likely — Shimon Buller (son of Shlomo Yehuda, d. 1932), a brother of Malka Steigman née Buller, and his wife Rosa née Rosner (d. 1924), from their Rădăuți stones; Likely the parents of Moses Simche Buller.
Confirmed (index) — Witie Lea Buller, a daughter of Schloime Leib and Gitel Buller, living at Sadeu in 1881.
Confirmed (index) — Chanze Klipper’s parents Nute (Nathan) and Jetti Klipper; her children Aharon (b. 1886) and Bruche (1889–90).
Confirmed — Klara Sara (1924–2012) and Magda (Chana Malka) (1922–2007) Freund, daughters of Yehoshua and Devorah: their stones, with Magda’s husband Tibor, son of Iren and Yaakov Schönzweig (1915–2004).
Likely — the Pacht brothers’ firm Frații Pacht, Czernowitz, 1922–29; Samuel Pacht’s 1919 engagement to Klara Preschel; Mendel’s widow Chana and brother-in-law Rav Salman Preschel. Confirmed — Samuel’s 1979 notice.
Confirmed — an unnamed infant daughter of Ignácz Kaufman and Hani Szakmári, d. Varannó 11 Oct 1887 (original entry in the gallery). Likely — Aranka Braun née Karfunkel (1922 engagement); Moses Stern a draper at Sztropkó (1894).

28 October 2026 (Freund originals and corrections)

Original register pages and Gazette notices supplied by the family on 27 Oct 2026

Likely — Three more children of Henrik (Chaim Nüszen) Freund and Berta (Baszje) Berkovits, each read in the original Sighet birth entry: Eszter (11 Mar 1911), Mózes Arje (25 May 1913) and Zsigmond (22 Nov 1919). Their parents’ 1909 marriage original names the couple with both names. The pages are in the gallery.
Confirmed — Correction: Regina (Ruchel) Freund, daughter of R’ Shalom, was born on 10 October 1900, not 16 October (the original birth entry has the day in figures and in words).
Confirmed — The original birth entries of R’ Shalom Freund’s children Regina (1900), Hermina (1903; 16 August confirmed, not the index’s 6 August), Mózes Arje (1906) and Debora Fanni (1908) now stand behind their cards instead of the index; their grades are unchanged.
Confirmed — Samuel Pacht’s 1919 marriage original: the wedding was on 11 August 1919. His bride Chaje Cirl Korn’s link to the Chaya née Perschel of the Holon stone stays open.
Confirmed — Mendel Pacht and Etel Preschel’s 1923 marriage original: 9 December 1923; Etel born 7 Feb 1905, her mother Ruchel née Gottesmann.
Likely — Zeidi’s “Heros” firm: the original Gazette pages of 1942, 1943 and 1944 now stand behind the later partnership changes (images in the gallery).
Possible — Egyenlőség, 8 March 1895: a newspaper names four Freund brothers (Ábrahám of Satmar, Mózes Árje of Máramarossziget, Ezekiel of Szatmár, Ignácz of Nagykároly); kept as an open lead, identities unresolved. The page is in the gallery.
Possible — A copy of Avnei Tzedek (Lemberg 1885) with signatures a sale catalogue attributes to R’ Moshe Aryeh Freund: the dealer’s photographs are now shown with credit in the Freund chapter of the online book; the attribution is unverified.
Dates that are only bounds now keep their wording everywhere, e.g. Freide Rosner née Reiner “d. bef. 1939” and Gitel Buller “d. bef. 1877”.

27 October 2026 (two newspaper pages on Reb Chaim Freund)

Read in the original newspapers

Confirmed — Uj Kelet (Cluj), 5 Oct 1928, p. 2: a report on a Satmar community matter after the 1928 rabbinical election names Chaim Freund, vice-president of the community. The page is in the gallery and on his card.
Confirmed — Népünk (Oradea), 19 May 1933, p. 2: a report on the Satmar community names Chaim Freund among its leaders (his office that year, vice-president, Likely). The page is in the gallery and on his card.

27 October 2026, later still (from the seforim: R’ Shemaya Löw’s wife)

Read in the printed sources

Likely — R’ Shemaya Löw of Székelykeresztúr’s wife was Chava Glück (born 1881), daughter of R’ Yaakov Yehuda HaKohen Glick and Fradel: a biographical note on him names her, and her 1903 Sighet civil marriage to “Samu Löw” (very probably the same man; original record not yet checked) agrees. He is now on the tree as her husband, and their children are listed on her card: R’ Moshe Aryeh Löw (later Rebbe in Temesvár, then Brooklyn), Chana Malka, Rikel, Sara Rivka, Yehoshua Naftali and Feiga.

27 October 2026, later (from the seforim: Hadrat Kodesh, Divrei Yoel)

Read in the printed books

Likely — R’ Shemaya Löw of Székelykeresztúr (author of Bnei Shemaya, died 1944) was the son-in-law of R’ Yaakov Yehuda HaKohen Glick of Sighet and Fradel; he married in June 1902, very probably one of Fradel’s daughters, whose name is not known. Added to both their cards.
Likely — Hadrat Kodesh: the Rav of Liska drank only R’ Moshe Aryeh’s wine when he spent a Shabbat in Sighet; the Naszód Rav’s last illness began at the Tarna baths in Elul 5692, and the rabbis who eulogized him. Added to their cards.
Likely — Divrei Yoel: in 1933 Reb Chaim’s son R’ Yosef Freund arranged the government side of the Satmar Rav’s new beit midrash in Jerusalem. Added to his card.

27 October 2026 (from the seforim: Maor Yehoshua, Divrei Yoel, Teshuvot Beit Hillel)

Read in the printed books

Likely — Maor Yehoshua (Jerusalem 1967), p. 12, names the households of R’ Chanoch Henich’s sons: R’ Yosef Simcha with his wife Tzirel Malka and their children Chaya Gitel, Reizel and Rivka; R’ Yechezkel Shraga with his wife Rechil; R’ Elimelech of Interdam with his wife, a daughter of the rabbi of Serdna, and their daughter Gitel. Added to R’ Chanoch Henich’s card.
Likely — R’ Yuda (Yehuda Leib, “Leibele”) Paskesz, Nisel Leah’s son, a close disciple of the Satmar Rav, who helped gather his uncle the Naszód Rav’s responsa and died in the Holocaust (Maor Yehoshua p. 9; Divrei Yoel). Added to the tree. Possibly R’ Eliezer Paskesz (1919 letter) was another son.
Confirmed (the letter) / Likely (the man) — Teshuvot Beit Hillel no. 71: R’ Hillel of Kolomea’s letter of 11 Tevet 5637 (27 Dec 1876) to “R’ Moshe Yaakov Avraham Freund” in Satmar, likely R’ Avraham Yaakov. Added to his card.

26 October 2026, night (Sefer Marmarosh: Reb Chaim in Jerusalem, Yitel’s husband)

Checked against the records

Possible — Sefer Marmarosh (p. 23) says Reb Chaim, in Jerusalem, returned no visits except to R’ Eliezer Hager of Vizhnitz, with whom he talked privately for about four hours; and calls Yitel’s husband, R’ Yitzchak (Itzi) Brettler of Kolomea, a leading Vizhnitz chassid, scholar and wealthy man. Both added as “possibly” sentences on their cards.

26 October 2026 (from Babi’s interviews: Uncle Sol, the DP camp, the family firms)

Checked against the records

Likely — “Uncle Sol” (Salo), the partner in Faishe Moskowitz’s Canal Street factory who noticed Babi in 1950, was Papi’s older brother Joseph Solomon Rosner. The 1950 census and his naturalization petition (619 Montgomery Street; married Hedy Sonnenschein in New York on 24 Nov 1948) agree with Babi and the family booklet. Tante Hedy is added to the tree, name and relation only.
Confirmed — Babi’s displaced-persons card was made at Wentorf near Hamburg on 20 Jul 1950, and she left for the USA via Bremen-Grohn on 29 Aug 1950. Babi remembered the camp as Bergen-Belsen; both are kept.
Confirmed — The Freund firms: “Freund Chaim Fiai”, textile wholesale in Szatmár, founded 1898, with a Temesvár branch, the main depot of Textilwerke Mautner AG of Prague, and a textile factory from 1934; and “Fiii lui Freund Chaim S.A.”, a textile and knitwear factory, company file 22 Apr 1930 – 18 Apr 1945.
Likely — Shimon Weiss’s sefer is “תמר יפרח” (Tamar Yifrach), printed at the end of his נועם מגדים with his commentary תדרש נועם. He was the son of R’ Kalonymus (Kalman), a talmid from the Kroli yeshiva, and died in Aug 2007 aged over ninety.
Likely — The “Kirhazer Rov” who made Papi and Babi’s match was R’ Yoel Teitelbaum of Királyháza, a nephew of the Satmar Rebbe.
Confirmed — József Braun’s wife Aranka and their son David (“Dudu”, who met Babi at the ship in 1950), from the 1950 census.
Likely — Pilu’s wife was Alice (“Olys” in Babi’s telling).

25 October 2026, late (one generation up on the Charif line; Fayga Katz’s father)

Checked against the records

Likely — R’ Yosef Charif’s mother was Leitza, wife of R’ Tzvi Hirsch HaLevi: the family’s 1939 book Amudei Esh twice tells that he wrote “his name and his mother’s name — Yosef ben Leitza” on his note to the Chozeh of Lublin (introduction pp. 7–8). It also explains her husband’s byname “Hirschele Leitzes” (“Leitza’s Hirschele”). One printed family source, written long after, so Likely. Both page crops are in the gallery.
Likely — Fayga Katz’s father, R’ Shmuel, is now on the tree (name only): her stone and the Sighet burial register (entry 2011) both call her “Feiga daughter of Shmuel, wife of Moshe Katz”. Her stone photo is in the gallery; it gives her death as 4 Cheshvan 5638 (11 Oct 1877).
Open leads — a Pápa stone of Leah daughter of Lizer (d. 1791) as a possible sister of R’ Itzik son of R’ Eliezer, and two possible daughters of R’ Yehuda Leib HaKohen Katz buried in his row (Ester Chaya, d. 1815; Shifra, d. 1840).

25 October 2026, night (one generation up on the Katz line, Sighet)

Checked against the records

Likely — R’ Yehuda Leib HaKohen Katz, son of R’ Meir (d. Shemini Atzeret 5600 = 30 Sep 1839, Sighet), is very probably the father of R’ Moshe HaKohen, Chane Malke’s father: four Kohanim of the family lie side by side in the old Sighet cemetery, block 3, row 5, graves 12–15. His father R’ Meir is added from the patronymic (name only). Two more of the family are added: R’ Simcha Yisrael (d. 1841), Moshe’s brother, and Meir (d. 1842), Moshe’s son, a young bridegroom. Four stone photos and four register entries are in the gallery.
Open leads — the earlier suggested chain through a Yehuda Leib son of Mordechai (d. 1868/69) is withdrawn as impossible; the idea that Moshe was Mancia’s husband is ruled out (her husband was Moshe son of Tzvi, d. 1816); a new open question asks whether Bobbe Hinda was Moshe’s mother rather than his wife’s mother (the tree is unchanged).

25 October 2026, evening (the Satu Mare register: R’ Avraham Yaakov Freund and the Fogels; a correction)

Checked against the records

Confirmed — R’ Avraham Yaakov Freund, son of R’ Yehoshua of Kroli, died at Satu Mare on 23 Jan 1877 (9 Shevat 5637), aged 53: the cemetery register names his father Jehoshua, and the family booklet gives the same day. His gravestone photo is in the gallery. His wife at his death was Katalin; an earlier wife, Leah, died in 1866 (both Likely).
Confirmed — R’ Yonah Fogel, son of R’ Ezra, died at Satu Mare on 17 Jan 1877 and lies beside his brother-in-law; his wife was R’ Yehoshua’s daughter Malka (Likely). Their daughter Julianna (Jetl) Guth (d. 1911) is Likely; Roza Hartman (d. 1899) was possibly another daughter. Three more gravestone photos.
Likely — four children of Nachum Mordechai Freund who died young: Regina, Eszter, Jenny and Julianna.
Likely — R’ Rafael Freund’s second wife was Devorah, daughter of R’ Naftali Tzvi Teitelbaum.
Possible — the family booklet names R’ Yehoshua of Kroli’s five daughters and the wives of his sons R’ Yitzchak and R’ Yosef Shmuel; shown as “possibly” on their cards.
Correction — Avraham Stieber, Papi’s first cousin: the death line on his card was wrong and is removed; his card now shows his name and relation only.
Conflicts list — new or updated rows: Malka vs Shindel as R’ Yonah Fogel’s wife, his town, Leah’s death year, who was the dayan of Pápa, and Brane Stieber’s birth (1898, Vilaucea vs 18 Apr 1901, Vijnița district in a 1942 record).
Open leads — the Rosners of Zamostea near Vășcăuți (possibly Zeidi’s grandparents), Rifca Rainer née Rosner, and Leib Pacht.

25 October 2026, afternoon (Zeidi in Tel Aviv, 1941; Hunyad found; the Naszód Rav’s books read in full; the Kaufman census sheet)

Checked against the records

Confirmed — Zeidi’s 1921 birth entry read on the original page: it gives only the year 1896 (“the day cannot be established”); the 1927 margin note records Mordko’s deed of 25 Oct 1926 declaring himself the father. Both crops are in the gallery.
Likely — a fourth memorial record for Miriam Klein née Rosner names her husband as Eisig Yitzchak Klein.
Confirmed — Zeidi and Anna’s 1924 civil marriage entry (Cernăuți no. 289): he married as “Schaie Leib Reiner”, his mother’s name; a 1928 margin note made it Rosner. The rabbi was Dr. David Kessler.
Confirmed — the knitwear factory’s name was “Invierea”: newspaper reports of a New Year’s night fire (1934/35), a failed break-in (1938), a job notice, and gifts to the soup kitchen and children’s charities.
Confirmed — Mariem Rosner’s engagement to Eisig Klein of Jadova, announced in the Czernowitz paper on 7 June 1931 (clipping in the gallery).
Confirmed — Mordko Rosner died on the night of 30–31 July 1939 at Vilaucea; the papers call him an estate leaseholder and merchant.
Confirmed — July 1941, Tel Aviv: an extortion gang demanded 1,000 pounds from Zeidi, “Mr. Yeshaya Leib Rosner”, owner of his building at 10 Zamenhof Street. He refused, and on the night of 10–11 July they set off a bomb at his apartment door. Only the wall was damaged; nobody was hurt (HaShahar 11 Jul; HaGeh 13 Jul 1941, clipping in the gallery).
Confirmed — Joseph Rosner’s São Paulo cards of 1953 and 1956 give the family’s São Paulo street: Rua Francisco Leitão 48.
Likely — Ha’aretz, July 1944: among the Transnistria children just arrived at the Atlit camp, “Gitel Stieber is looking for Yeshaya Leib Rosner, Tel Aviv, Zamenhof 10”: Brane’s daughter looking for her uncle Zeidi, fresh evidence that Brane was his sister.
Confirmed — the Naszód Rav’s responsa, Maor Yehoshua, read in full: Sighet 1876–78, Rav of Radna 1879–1905, then Interdam and Naszód; his son R’ Yisrael had Radna by Dec 1905. New on the tree: his son R’ Chanoch Henich (d. 1933), granddaughter Rizel Halberstam (d. 1937), grandson R’ Moshe Aryeh, the last rabbi of Naszód, and daughter Feiga Dachner.
Confirmed — printed letters show the Naszód Rav writing to “my brother R’ Yitzchak Freund” (1876) and to “my sister’s son” R’ Yuda Paskesz of Satmar (1929).
Likely — Rebbetzin Fradel’s birth: Alór, 30 Oct 1854, daughter of M. L. Löw and Rikkel (civil index); her father appears in the records as “chief rabbi of Entradam”.
Confirmed — Hadrat Kodesh read in full: the Naszód Rav’s daughter Chana Malka, who died young at Radna, is now on the tree; his betrothal in 5629, his flour shop, Radna from 5639 and Interdam in 5665. The book is now cited as the Jerusalem 5720 reprint (first printed Satmar 5702), as its title page shows.
Confirmed — the Naszód Rav and his son R’ Yisrael signed the Grosswardein rabbis’ proclamation of August 1920 (HaTzefira, 22 Dec 1920); R’ Yisrael signed “who was rav in Radna”, so he had left Radna by then.
Confirmed — R’ Yisrael Freund’s “Hunyad” is Bánffyhunyad (Huedin, Cluj county): Új Kelet (1 Jan 1937) calls “their rabbi, Izrael Freund … an excellent and famous Talmudist, a gentle-souled pastor”, and Spitzer’s reference of Hungarian rabbis (1999) names his son R’ Baruch as dayan there under him. The earlier reading near Beregszász is dropped.
Confirmed — Spitzer’s reference also settles the family rabbinates: R’ Chanoch Henich, rabbi of Entradam; his son R’ Moshe Aryeh, rabbi of Naszód 1933–44; and R’ Mordechai Yehuda (Márkus) Freund, rabbi of Óradna from 1938. All three are now on the tree.
Confirmed — R’ Yisrael Freund’s obituary (Hoemesz, 14 Mar 1940): died 11 Mar 1940, buried that night at Huedin; R’ Yoel Teitelbaum of Satmar led the meeting that chose his son R’ Baruch as dayan. Rebbetzin Fradel died at Naszód just before Pesach 1935 and was buried in Satmar beside the Naszód Rav (Hoemesz, 6 May 1935).
Confirmed — the original 1869 census sheet of the Kaufman house at Tótkajna (two images in the gallery). Its “their children” notes bring Rachel, Léni, Shimon and Sruly back onto the tree as Likely children of Manesz and Czipra, and Juli (b. 1867, Homonna) as a Likely daughter of Ignácz and Hani. It gives Czipra a birthplace other than Tótkajna (on the conflicts list).
Confirmed — Fáni’s brother Adolf (Salamon Abraham) Kaufman in New York: a coat operator on the Lower East Side, with eight known children.
Possible — Hani Szakmári’s parents were possibly József Szakmári and Betti née Moskovits of Mihályi, the only Jewish Szakmári household in her birth village in 1869 (census sheet in the gallery; on the leads page, not on the tree).
Confirmed — Bella’s original 1905 birth act: the family lived at Kossuth utca 11, Nachman was a master tailor, and Fáni was born at Varannó (two small conflicts noted).
Confirmed — Lina Braun’s second family at Parasznya: with Sámuel Weinberger, children Ilona (1897–1969), József (1898) and Heléna (1899–1992, Helen Weiss of New York).
Confirmed — Fáni’s brother Moses (Mór) Kaufman became a Budapest merchant and married Adél Künstädter on 21 Feb 1921; the entry gives his exact birth date and his parents Ignácz Kaufman and Hani Szakmári.
Likely — from his own Chumash flyleaves: the Ga’avad R’ Moshe Aryeh Freund’s daughter Chava was born 10 Tammuz 5689 (18 Jul 1929); his son Baruch’s birth is noted too.
Likely — R’ Zalman Leib Freund (son of R’ Yitzchak) was the son-in-law of R’ Yehoshua Fleischmann of Satmar; R’ Yisrael Freund’s father-in-law R’ Ze’ev of Hunyad was Likely a Goldberger.
New archive found — the Sighet Chevra Kadisha pinkas, 1884–1922, digitised at the National Library of Israel (no. 990000846540205171); it covers R’ Moshe Aryeh’s years as head of the society.

25 October 2026 (one more generation on the Kaufman line; Freund details checked)

Checked against the records

Likely — Márkus Kaufman of Tótkajna is Manesz Kaufman’s father, Babi’s 3× great-grandfather: three of his daughters’ civil death entries (1896–1899) name him, a Manisz Kaufmann, son of Markusz and born at Tót-Kajnya, died at Benkőc in 1901, and in 1869 Manesz lived next door to his sister Czili. Two small conflicts (Manesz’s age and his late wife’s name in the 1901 entry) are on the conflicts list.
Likely — Rebbetzin Yachet Freund of Kroli was the daughter of R’ Moshe Tzvi Ehrenreich (Reich): the family yahrzeit list in Lechem Shlomo (1938, p. 476), under the same date as her stone.
Confirmed — R’ Moshe Aryeh Freund’s stone at Sighet, fully transcribed: “Moshe Ari’, son of R’ Yehoshua”, died Wednesday 17 Adar II 5662 (26 Mar 1902).
Corrected — R’ Shalom Freund died on 8 Shevat 5703 (14 Jan 1943), as his stone reads (not 18 Shevat); he and his brother R’ Rafael were chassidim, not rabbis.
The Naszód Rav: born 1855/56 (“in his 77th year”, as printed in Maor Yehoshua p. 7); 1850 is kept only as a Possible variant. Interdam (Entradam) was Jidovița, beside Naszód (Likely).

25 October 2026 (Freund side: the Kroli line checked in print)

Checked in the printed sources

Likely — Tzipora, R’ Itzik’s mother, restored: the 1938 family yahrzeit list printed in Lechem Shlomo (p. 476) names her, independently of the later chain; no parentage is given for her.
Likely — three more sons of R’ Yehoshua of Kroli, with their dates from Seder Megillat Yuchasin (p. עה): R’ Yosef Shmuel (died in Jerusalem, 6 Elul 5628), R’ Avraham Yaakov of Satmar (9 Shevat 5637) and R’ Yitzchak of Kroli (24 Shevat 5656).
Confirmed — Yutel’s Kroli stone, as transcribed in print, gives Wednesday 27 Av 5586 (30 Aug 1826), agreeing with the family yahrzeit list.
Confirmed — R’ Yisrael Freund was Rav of Radna in 5672 (1911/12): his eight-year-old son’s dated inscription in a Shita Mekubetzet calls him so.
Likely — R’ Yehoshua of Kroli was a student of the Or Chadash (Lechem Shlomo, p. 476).
Conflicts list — two new rows: where Chana Malka’s father’s name Rapoport comes from, and which daughter of R’ Yehoshua married R’ Yonah Fogel of Zsadány.

25 October 2026 (Freund side: round-four checks against the pages and the Sighet register)

Checked in print and in the register

Confirmed — Rebbetzin Fradel, the Naszód Rav’s wife, was a daughter of R’ Mordechai Yehuda Löw, Av Beit Din of Interdam (her stone and Gedulat Yehoshua vol. 2 p. 89); R’ Yosef Moshe Dachner was the Naszód Rav’s son-in-law, not R’ Moshe Aryeh’s; three booklet photos identified by the family as Babi with her siblings, with her mother, and with her brother Sziga. Corrected — Bobbe Hinda’s 1865 Sighet grave is only Possible (no surname, not beside the Katz-Rapoports); R’ Binyamin was maggid of Brzezany per Da’at Kedoshim; Tzipora (Krob) moved off the tree to a note.

25 October 2026 (Freund side: the deep dig in the printed family books and the Sighet registers)

Found online

Confirmed — Gedulat Yehoshua (vol. 2) says in print that Reb Chaim was a pupil of the Maharam Schick, and prints his brother the Naszód Rav’s letters to him as rosh hakahal of Satmar in 1928 and 1929.
Confirmed — Fradel, R’ Moshe Aryeh’s daughter, now has her civil death entry (28 Aug 1906, daughter of Mózes Freund and Chane Malke Katz, wife of Jakab Glück), and Gedulat Yehoshua names Chana Malka as mother of the Naszód Rav and of Fradel. Two of Fradel’s children’s marriages (1895, 1908) and her nephew Chaim Nuszen’s (1909) are on the cards.
Confirmed — R’ Rafael Freund is named in print as the Naszód Rav’s brother, so his grade is now Confirmed.
Likely — R’ Moshe Aryeh’s six sons and four daughters (Sefer Marmarosh) match the ten grown children on the tree; he headed the Sighet burial society 1897/98–1902; his mother Yutel died when he was a small child; R’ Tabak was later buried in his ohel.
Likely — Fayga Katz’s grave in the Sighet burial register (d. 1877/78), which names her father Shmuel; R’ Yoshe of Kroli’s daughter who married R’ Yonah of Zsadány is named in print as Shindel.
Confirmed — Babi’s marriage licence, no. 13523, was issued in Brooklyn on 20 Aug 1951.

25 October 2026 (grave photographs found online, and more photographs from the family booklet)

Found online

Likely — Thirteen more gravestone photographs are on the cards: Chana Malka Freund and her daughter Fradel side by side at Sighet; R’ Shalom Freund in his father’s ohel; R’ Yitzchak (Izsák) Freund, his wife Shasha and their son Abraham Eliezer at Sighet; Reizel Freund née Sneer at Satu Mare; Yosef Freund and his son Avraham Yehoshua on Har HaMenuchot; Yehoshua (Zsigmond), son of R’ Rafael Freund; and four Buller stones at Rădăuți. Each says where it was found. Twelve more photographs from the family booklet (online) were added too, among them Papi with the Satmar Rebbetzin, Babi at her grandparents’ graves in Kisvárda, little Feiga’s grave in Satu Mare, and children of the family before the war. The Rapaport line was re-checked against printed genealogies: R’ Gershon HaKohen and his father R’ Simcha stay on the tree, while the booklet’s next two steps, R’ Gershon of Rava and R’ Binyamin HaKohen (Gevulat Binyamin), are now a family-tradition note on R’ Simcha’s card, since the printed lists of R’ Binyamin’s sons name no Gershon.

25 October 2026 (A Tribute to the Freund Family, a family booklet found online)

Read in the booklet

Likely — From the family booklet A Tribute to the Freund Family (online): Chana Malka Katz’s mother Fayga and the Rapaport line above her — Bobbe Hinda (who lived to about 92; who served Udel, the Baal Shem Tov’s daughter), her father R’ Gershon HaKohen Rapaport, and R’ Simcha HaKohen — are on the tree (the booklet’s two further steps, to R’ Binyamin HaKohen, author of Gevulat Binyamin, are given as family tradition on R’ Simcha’s card); the gravestones of Nachman and Feiga Braun at Kisvárda (21 Oct 1921 and 25 Apr 1925); and ten photographs, among them the only known picture of Reb Chaim’s wife Chaya, a portrait of Sender, Nachman Braun, and Chana with Babi as a girl.
Confirmed — Nachman Braun, Babi’s grandfather, died on 21 Oct 1921 (19 Tishrei 5682) and is buried at Kisvárda: his gravestone (family booklet, online) names him “R’ Nachman son of Yosef Yozpa”, matching his father József, and his wife Feige’s 1925 stone calls him deceased. The 1944 Csaholc listing of a “Braun Néchmán” is probably a different Nachman Braun.

24 October 2026 (Shabbos afternoon: R’ Yisrael of Hunyad’s family in Maor Yehoshua)

Read on the printed page

Confirmed — R’ Yisrael Freund, Av Beit Din of Hunyad: a memorial page in Maor Yehoshua (Jerusalem 5727/1967), p.11, names him as the son of the Naszód Rav and Rebbetzin Fradel, gives his death on the 2nd day of Rosh Chodesh Adar II 5700 (11 Mar 1940), names his wife Sarah as daughter of R’ Ze’ev, Av Beit Din of Hunyad (died 13 Sivan 5704, 4 Jun 1944), and lists his children Baruch, Chana Malka, Reina and Mordechai Yehuda with their spouses, then R’ Naftali and his wife, and the Ga’avad’s first wife Bila as “their daughter-in-law”; all are now on his card.

24 October 2026 (Shabbos: the Naszód Rav in a 1942 printed biography)

Read on the printed pages

Confirmed — R’ Avraham Yehoshua Freund, the Naszód Rav: Hadrat Kodesh (Jerusalem 5720 reprint, first printed Satmar 5702), p.24, gives his birth on Wednesday 12 Tammuz 5615 (June 1855) at Sighet, son of R’ Moshe Ari’ Freind, parnas and rosh hakahal of Sighet, son of R’ Yehoshua Kroler. That ties him to the tree’s R’ Moshe Aryeh; raised from Likely to Confirmed as Reb Chaim’s brother.
Confirmed — p.86 of the same book: his son R’ Yisrael, Av Beit Din of Hunyad, was with him in Satmar at the end, at the house of his brother’s son R’ Anshel Freind, and he was buried in Satmar before sunset. R’ Yisrael and his son R’ Moshe Aryeh (the Ga’avad) are raised from Likely to Confirmed with him.

24 October 2026 (Shabbos night: four births read in the original registers)

Checked against the original register pages

Confirmed — Regina Braun, born 20 Oct 1884 at Kisvárda: the original birth register (1884, entry 35) names her parents Samuel Braun and Hani Heimlich. Raised from Likely (index only).
Confirmed — Shimon Braun, born 11 Mar 1886 at Kisvárda: original entry 17 of 1886 names Samuel Braun, clothes dealer, and Hani Heimlich. Raised from Likely.
Confirmed — Matild Braun, born 8 Dec 1887 at Kisvárda: original entry 49 of 1887 names Samuel Braun and Hani (Hinde) Heimlich. Raised from Likely.
Confirmed — Moses Kaufman, born 20 Jun 1877 at Agyidóc: the original Homonna-district birth entry 62 names Ignatz Kaufman and Hani Szakmary, the parents of Babi’s grandmother Fáni. Raised from Likely.
Moved to the open leads — seven people whose family link was only Possible (Rachel, Leni, Shimon, Izrael and Juli Kaufman; Rosie Braun; Rivka Pacht bat Mordechai Dov). Nothing about them is lost; they return to the tree only if a record proves the link.

23 October 2026 (Shabbos night: R’ Tuvia Gedalia of Kroli confirmed)

Checked against the gravestones and the Mount of Olives burial register

Confirmed — R’ Tuvia Gedalia Freund of Kroli (d. 19 Shevat 5639 = 12 Feb 1879, Jerusalem) was the son of R’ Yehoshua Freund of Kroli. Two separate gravestones say so: his own on the Mount of Olives (“son of the Rav R’ Yehoshua Freund … of Kroli”) and his daughter Jetl Fleischmann’s in Satu Mare (“daughter of R’ Tuvia Gedalia Freund, granddaughter of R’ Yehoshua Freund”). Raised from Likely.
Confirmed — his wife Rebbetzin Yachet (d. 9 Tammuz 5651 = 15 Jul 1891): the Mount of Olives burial register (grave card 64823, old section, plot ח׳, row כ״א, grave 38) calls her “wife of the Rav R’ Tuvia Gedalia Freund of Karol in the land of Hungary”, and her son Nachum Mordechai’s Satu Mare death entry names his parents “Tobias, Jerusalem” and “Jachet”. Raised from Likely.
Still open — Yechezkel Shraga (Ede) Freund’s death: at high enlargement the stone’s date looks like 20 Sivan 5675 (2 Jun 1915), as the cemetery register reads it, while the civil register gives Ede’s death as 1 May 1918. No larger photograph is online and the Satu Mare civil registers are not filmed, so both dates stay.
Lead — a Mendel Rosner on a 1941 list from Văscăuţi, no age or parents; not shown to be Mordko’s son (Possible, on the leads page).

23 October 2026 (Shabbos night: a boy on a gravestone finds his place)

Checked against the civil registers and the stones

Confirmed — Shmuel Yehoshua (Samuel) Freund, born at Munkács on 29 Sep 1862, was the son of Nachum Mordechai (Markusz) Freund and his first wife Terez Meiselsz, and so a grandson of R’ Tuvia Gedalia of Kroli. His birth entry, his 1883 marriage in Satu Mare (“son of Markusz”, with Markusz as witness) and his father’s 1877 remarriage as a widower, son of Tobias, all agree. A petroleum merchant in Satu Mare, he is now in the tree.
Likely — Yechezkel Shraga Freund, whose Satu Mare gravestone calls him “fifth generation, son after son, of R’ Yesha Freund of Kroli”, was Samuel’s son: the stone’s birth date, 2 Sivan 5659, is 11 May 1899, the day the civil register records the birth of Ede Freund, son of Samuel and Regina Fleischman, and the cemetery register names his father “Jehoshua”, Samuel’s Hebrew name. The five generations on the stone now match the records exactly. His death date (1915 or 1918) is on the Latest page’s list of disagreements, with both readings.
Searched, nothing found — the Sztropkó Jewish lists of 1806–1822 and the 1828 tax census name no Stern, and the Zemplén 1848 Jewish census was never filmed, so Anshel and Gitel Stern’s parents are still unknown (Open leads).
Searched, nothing found — no other photograph of Fejge Freund’s stone (plot 4/10/2) exists online; the registry’s own link is broken and the burial registry has no image.

23 October 2026 (late evening: a date settled, two searches closed)

Checked against the stones and registers themselves

Confirmed — Rebbetzin Fradel Freund, wife of the Naszód Rav, died on 8 Nisan 5695 (11 Apr 1935). Her stone reads “ח׳ לחודש ניסן תרצ״ה”, the same day as the Satu Mare cemetery register; the 5 Nisan 5691 (1931) in a 2012 published genealogy is a misreading of the stone. Both dates are on the Latest page’s list of disagreements, with the reason.
Searched, nothing found — the whole Kurima death register 1850–1895 was read page by page for Anshel (Jakob) and Gitel Stern, whose death entries might have named their parents. Neither is there, so they probably died elsewhere; their parents are still unknown (Open leads).
Searched, nothing found — no document yet names R’ Rafael Segal of Pápa as the son of Moses of Pressburg, so the 1600s-born Raphael of Pressburg stays on the Open leads page, not in the tree.

23 October 2026 (night: the oldest generations)

Yutel’s family added, and the line reaches the generation born in the 1600s

Likely — Yutel, the mother of R’ Moshe Aryeh, now has her parents in the tree: R’ Rafael Segal, kabbalist and dayan of Pápa, and Nitel, daughter of R’ Pinchas Zelig, Rav of Pápa. A family yahrzeit list printed in 1938 names all three and gives Yutel’s death as 27 Av 5586 (30 Aug 1826).
Likely — R’ Pinchas Zelig, Rav of Pápa (d. 1772), and his father R’ Yitzchak. The March 1770 census of Pápa lists the rabbi (with the year 1720 against him) and his sons and daughters.
Confirmed chain, estimated date — R’ Yaakov, father of R’ Shlomo Zalman of Veszprém, is the oldest ancestor reached by an unbroken chain of documents, and was probably born in the later 1600s. No record gives his birth year, so that is an estimate.
Not yet proven, on the Open leads page — R’ Rafael’s father R’ Moshe was very probably Moses son of R’ Raphael of Pressburg. If so, the line reaches Raphael of Pressburg, an adult on the town’s Jewish list of 1709 and so born in the 1600s. Each step is Likely, but no document names R’ Rafael as Moses’s son, so it stays off the tree.
Checked: the published paternal chain of the Naszód Rav (2012) matches the tree from R’ Eliezer down; its further link to the Wiener family of Miskolc and Prague is rejected by a 2016 critique and stays off.

23 October 2026 (evening: seventeen more Satu Mare stones checked)

Two cousins of Reb Chaim found on their stones

Confirmed — Nachum Mordechai (Markusz) Freund (1843–1900), son of R’ Tuvia Gedalia of Kroli and Rebbetzin Yachet. His stone in Satu Mare (6/1/7) names his father “R’ Tuvia Gedalia Freund”, and the register names his parents “Tobias, Jerusalem” and “Jachet”. He was a first cousin of Reb Chaim.
Confirmed — Jetl (Lina) Fleischmann née Freund (d. 1917), daughter of R’ Tuvia Gedalia. Her stone (6/2/9) reads “daughter of R’ Tuvia Gedalia Freund, granddaughter of R’ Yehoshua Freund”.
Confirmed — Yachet Freund, wife of Yekutiel Leib (Yehuda) Freund. Her stone (6/2/5) gives 13 Tevet 5695 (19 Dec 1934), the date her sons gave in 1969, and her birth in Nisan 5652 (1892).
On the pending list — the stone of Yechezkel Shraga Freund (1899–1915) calls him “fifth generation, son after son, of R’ Yesha Freund of Kroli”. His father Yehoshua is not yet identified.
Checked and not related, or not placed: the household of Jehezkel Zvi Freund, community president (d. 1912), with his widow Fejge and daughter Etija Frankl in row 4/10; Rachel Freund, wife of a Chaim (d. 1935); the Itzhack Freund–Rivka Perlstein children (1926–31); and Shalom Freund (d. 1901). Each is on the pending list with its reason. Lying in row 4/10 next to the family’s stones does not by itself prove kinship.
Photo credits for the stones of Sender, Yitzchak and Baruch (Béla) Freund now carry the registry’s plot number and link.

23 October 2026 (late afternoon: six Satu Mare stones read)

Six Satu Mare gravestones read line by line

Six Satu Mare Orthodox cemetery stones from the cemetery’s photographic registry are now transcribed in their captions: Chaya Freund née Stern (4/10/3), Gitel Brettler née Stern (4/10/6), Yitel Brettler née Freund (4/10/4), Osias (R’ Yehoshua) Brettler (6/9/27), Feiga Freund (12/7A/10), and the Naszód Rav with his wife Fradel (15/8). Each photo now carries the registry’s plot number and link.
The Naszód Rav’s stone: “son of R’ Moshe Aryeh”, Av Beit Din of Radna and then Naszód, died Monday 11 Elul 5692 (12 Sep 1932) in his 77th year. The register’s 13 Aug 1932 is listed as a conflict. His wife Fradel was the daughter of R’ Mordechai Yehuda.
Yitel Brettler’s second stone reads “wife of Itzi Brettler, of Kolomea”, which backs the family book’s Kolomea origin for the Brettlers.
Corrected: Chaya’s stone itself says only “Mrs. Chaya, daughter of R’ Shmuel”. The surname Stern, “wife of Chaim” and her date come from the cemetery register.
Regraded: Feiga Freund (d. 1927) is now Likely, not Confirmed, as Sender’s daughter. Her stone names her father as “R’ Alexander Freund”; no birth record has been found yet.
Osias Brettler’s stone gives his age as 39 (the register says 40) and agrees with the register’s date, 5 Oct 1914.

23 October 2026 (afternoon: the tree starts from the five sisters)

The tree now starts from the five sisters

The tree now starts from the five sisters.

23 October 2026 (late afternoon: generations counted from the five daughters)

Generations are now counted from the five daughters

Generations on this site are now counted from the five daughters of Papi and Babi: Papi and Babi are the parents’ generation, their parents the grandparents’ generation, and so on — every line is one generation deeper than before.

23 October 2026 (evening: second pass on the tops of line)

Malka Buller confirmed, Buller siblings, a Kaufman son in New York, Stern cousins, new leads

Confirmed — Malka Steigman née Buller (Papi’s great-grandmother) now Confirmed: died 9 Oct 1891 at Rădăuți aged 48, born at Seletin, buried 11 Oct; named as Scheine Ruchel’s mother in the 1896 Dorna Watra marriage.
Likely — Three of Malka’s brothers and sisters added from their Rădăuți stones: Feige Rudich (c.1844–1903, “daughter of Shlomo Leib”), Hersch Tzvi Dov (c.1847–1920) and Asher Antshil (c.1850–1901), both “son of Shlomo Yehuda”.
Confirmed — Little Gitel Steigman (1881–83): her grave entry in the Rădăuți register confirms her death and names her father Motel, “from Schipot”.
Possible — New leads (not in the tree): Rivka Rosner bat Menachem Mendel (d. 1920, Vășcăuți) as a possible mother of Mordko Rosner, with her stone photo; a possible Katz-Rapoport ascent in the old Sighet cemetery above R’ Moshe HaKohen; Shimon Buller; Resel Pachte of Câmpulung.
Confirmed — Feige Rudich née Buller confirmed as a daughter of Schloime Leib and Gitel Buller of Wiznitz: her 30 Apr 1877 Rădăuți marriage to Samuel Rudich names them.
Confirmed — Mottel Steigman regraded Confirmed: five separate records name him as father or grandfather.
Likely — A son of Ignácz Kaufman and Hani Szakmári in New York: Adolf Kaufman married there in 1885, and the record names his mother “Szakmary”. He is Likely the Salamon Abraham of the 1869 census (raised from Possible).
Confirmed — Babi’s Stern great-grandaunts and uncles: Moses Stern’s daughter Anna Rappaport (d. Kurima 1897), Susanna Lezer’s husband Alter (d. 1899) and daughter Johanna Gizella (m. 1896).
Likely — Szender Seltenreich already a taxpayer at Zboró in the 1828 census (“Alex Seltenreich”).
Possible — New leads: the Szakmári family of Legenyemihályi (Farkas, d. 1918, and Katti) as possible siblings of Hani; Albert Kaufman of New York; Volf Kaufman of Varannó (1828); the sons of Izsák Stern of Kurima.

23 October 2026 (Freund deep dive)

Reb Chaim’s grandchildren, the Kroli graves in Jerusalem, and 36 new pictures

Likely — Sixteen more grandchildren of Reb Chaim Freund, from the Freund family book: the five surviving children of Yehoshua of Nyíregyháza, Eliezer and Nisel Leah (children of Anschel), Shmuel and Malka (children of Yitzchak) and seven children of Yosef. Gravestone photos for several of them are in the gallery.
Likely — Babi’s brother Shea (Yehoshua) married his first cousin Nisel Leah Freund, daughter of Anschel (d. 1973); Eliezer Freund, son of Anschel, married his first cousin Chana, daughter of Yosef.
Confirmed — Malka (Chana Malka) Freund, wife of Babi’s uncle Tuvia, was a daughter of Osias (R’ Yehoshua) Brettler and Gitel née Stern: her stone and the family book agree. Her brothers R’ Asher Anshil Yaakov and R’ Shmuel Brettler are added (Likely).
Likely — R’ Tuvia Gedalia Freund of Kroli (d. 1879), son of R’ Yehoshua of Kroli, and his wife Yachet (d. 1891): their stones on the Mount of Olives.
Likely — Rebbetzin Fradel Freund, wife of the Naszód Rav (d. 11 Apr 1935): her stone is the right half of the plot-15/8 photograph. Sarah Freund, mother of the Ga’avad, is named on his gravestone record.
Confirmed — New gravestone photos: Nachman and Rachel Freund, Tuvia and Malka Freund, Reitza Freund (Har HaMenuchot); R’ Rafael Freund (22 Sivan 5702) and the Ga’avad (Mount of Olives); Yosef Shlomo and Chaya Etel Rosner (Holon); Dr Max Pacht (Makhanayim); Nisel Leah Paskesz (Satu Mare), whose stone calls her a granddaughter of R’ Yehoshua of Kroli.
New — Fourteen town and cemetery photographs: Dąbrowa, Zboró, Carei, Pápa, Gura Humorului, Mohyliv-Podilskyi, Rădăuți, Nyíregyháza, Banila, Kurima, Satu Mare, the Mount of Olives, Har HaMenuchot and Sheikh Badr.

23 October 2026 (Freund, round 2)

The first photograph of Reb Chaim Freund; his citizenship file; the Brettler family

Confirmed — The first known photograph of Reb Chaim Freund: a studio portrait with his second wife, about 1943, from his citizenship file at the Israel State Archives (file מ-7019/8). His card is now Confirmed.
Confirmed — Reb Chaim and his second wife arrived at Tel Aviv on 26 Dec 1939; in Dec 1943 he lived in the Geulah quarter of Jerusalem, applied for citizenship (sponsors Armin Moscovici and Moshe Paskes) and was naturalized on 10 Feb 1944 (certificate 64149 A).
Confirmed — Osias (R’ Yehoshua) Brettler, husband of Gitel née Stern, d. 5 Oct 1914 in Satu Mare (his stone is in the gallery), and their daughters Rozalia (d. 1912, aged 1½) and Jolan (d. 1918, aged 3).
Confirmed — Gitel Brettler née Stern d. 15 Iyar 5681 = 23 May 1921, Satu Mare.
Conflict — Itel Brettler’s death: her stone gives 27 Elul 5685 (16 Sep 1925), the cemetery register 25 Sep 1925; the stone date stands.

23 October 2026 (Rosner and Stieber, round 2)

Shlomo Stieber survived; Stieber dates; the Klein family

Confirmed — Shlomo Stieber, Papi’s first cousin, survived: he died on 16 Jan 2008 (9 Shevat 5768) and is buried in Nahariya. His gravestone also remembers his father Yehoshua, his mother Breina and his brother Yaakov. A 1957 memorial record that lists him among the dead is kept as a conflict.
Confirmed — Breina (Brane) Stieber née Rosner d. 19 Mar 1942 (1 Nisan 5702); the place, Tulchin, is Likely. Yehoshua Stieber d. 30 Oct 1941 (9 Cheshvan 5702). Yaakov Stieber d. 2 Dec 1942 (23 Kislev 5703), not 1943.
Likely — Aizik (Eisig) Klein b. 5 May 1907, Lukawetz, son of Binyamin and Shoshana Klein (a memorial record, item 8647446).
Confirmed — A second source for Mendel Rosner: a memorial record (item 1356473), which gives his home as Zadova (kept as a conflict with Banila).
Seven new conflicts on this page; three new entries on the pending list.

23 October 2026 (Papi and Babi, round 2)

Zeidi’s firm on the Gazette page; Babi’s Swiss file; Babi in her own words

Confirmed — The Palestine Gazette page of 4 June 1942 with Zeidi’s “Heros” Hand Weaving Factory, registered with Adolf Hering from 1 March 1942: file no. 4617 (not 4616, as given here before). The page is in the gallery.
Likely — The firm’s later notices: renamed the “Heros” Textile Factory in Sep 1942; Zeidi left the partnership on 10 Jul 1944. The three original Gazette pages (Nos. 1236, 1255 and 1358, file no. 4617) are now in the gallery (added 28 Oct 2026); the grade is unchanged.
Confirmed — The Swiss Federal Archives catalogue lists a police file on Babi, “FREUND, EVA, 14.10.1931”, 1948–49, from her stay at Bex (catalogue entry; not digitised).
Confirmed — Five short passages from Babi’s 2016 oral-history interview, checked against the recording, added to her card in her own words.

23 October 2026 (Pacht line, round 2)

Ten Holon stones read; the two Rivkas told apart

Confirmed — Albert (Anshel) Pacht and his wife Rivka share one stone at Holon: “Anshel ben R’ Yaakov” and “Rivka bat Yosef”. Albert is Jacob’s son (before: Likely), and Rivka is the daughter of Yosef.
Possible — A second Rivka Pacht, “daughter of R’ Mordechai Dov” (d. 1976), was mixed into Albert’s wife’s card; perhaps a daughter of Jacob’s brother Mordechai Berl (now listed among the open leads).
Confirmed — The stones of Samuel (“of Czernowitz”) and Menachem Mendel, both “ben R’ Yaakov”, and of Samuel’s wife Chaya Tzirel (Chaytze), “daughter of R’ Chaim Dov Perschel”, whose stone gives 9 Aug 1968.
Confirmed — Chaya Tzirel’s sister Sprintza Kugler née Perschel (d. 1976) and their father Chaim Dov Perschel, from the two sisters’ stones.
Likely — Yisrael Pacht (1902–1983), “ben Shmuel Yitzchak”, whose footstone remembers his father as a Holocaust victim: a son of Jacob’s brother Shmuel Yitzchak.
Likely — Dr Max Pacht is the “Mordechai Pacht” of a published biography (Hebrew) of Chaim Sheba, his Czernowitz classmate, who came in 1935 and worked with him at Kfar Vitkin; 1934 vs 1935 stays open.

23 October 2026 (Braun line, round 2)

Géza Braun’s Mauthausen file, aunt Ilona’s family in Hajdúnánás

Confirmed — Géza Braun’s own Mauthausen prisoner file (Arolsen Archives): prisoner no. 73364, admitted 13 Jun 1944; the camp’s death notice gives 18 Jan 1945 at the Melk subcamp (“Quarz”). Both pages are in the gallery.
Confirmed — Aunt Ilona’s daughter Anna Herbst, Babi’s first cousin, on the 1944 list from Hajdúnánás with her parents Hermann and Ilona née Braun.
Confirmed — Hermann Herbst, Ilona’s husband: born 1901 in Hajdúnánás, son of Malvina née Grosz; he returned alive in 1945 (his Budapest registration card is in the gallery). Before it was Likely.
Likely — Hermann Herbst was a straw-hat maker in Hajdúnánás who reopened his business after the war (a Hungarian journal, 2021); his parents were probably Jakab Herbst and Malka née Grosz.
Confirmed — The 1948 death-declaration cards of Géza, Sándor and Jolán Braun name their parents Nachman Braun and Fani Kaufmann and their last home, Csaholc. Their date, Auschwitz 15 Jul 1944, is a set date; Jolán’s birth (1911 or 1916) stays open.

23 October 2026 (later)

The 1848 census of Zboró, Reb Chaim’s birth entry, a third printed source on R’ Yosef Charif

Confirmed — Reb Chaim Freund’s own birth entry (Sighet, 18 Nov 1863) names his parents Moses (Moshe Aryeh) Freund and Chane Malke; his mother is now linked in the tree.
Likely — A brother of Reb Chaim, Joszef (Smil) Freund, born at Sighet on 12 Oct 1865.
Confirmed — Leitza’s maiden name Lichtig, from the 1848 census of Zboró (“Lacza”) and her daughter’s 1904 death entry (“Lina”).
Confirmed — Rochel’s elder sister Jehides Landau née Seltenreich (c.1829/30 – 4 Oct 1904, Zboró).
Confirmed — Rochel’s brother R’ Hersh Leib Seltenreich and his son R’ Yosef, from Shulchan HaEzer vol. 2, which also calls Sender Seltenreich R’ Yosef Charif’s son-in-law.
Confirmed — Jetti (Gitsel), mother of R’ Moshe Aryeh Freund, named in two of his records.
Likely — R’ Yaakov HaLevi of Wolbrom and Kraków, R’ Yosef Charif’s brother (Klilat Yofi, 1888).
Likely — R’ Rephael Freund’s Mount of Olives grave card: son of R’ Moshe Ari’ of Satmar, d. 7 Jun 1942.
Confirmed — Sender Seltenreich, b. c.1804 at Malczó, a merchant in Zboró (1848 census); Malka Buller was born at Seletin.

23 October 2026

Verified: the Braun siblings, the Stiebers, Leitza Lichtig

Confirmed — Géza Braun died at Mauthausen on 18 Jan 1945 (a Hungarian loss-register card and a Mauthausen list).
Confirmed — Aunt Ilona Braun was Mrs Hermann Herbst of Hajdúnánás in 1944 (a 1944 ghetto list naming her mother, Fanni Kaufmann).
Confirmed — Aunt Bella Rivka Kohn’s son Martin survived.
Confirmed — Aunt Esther Fischer’s children were Tzvi and Feiga; the Nachman Babi remembered was aunt Jolán’s son.
Likely — Gitel (Tova) Stieber, Papi’s first cousin, survived the war.
Confirmed — Leitza (Ratza) née Lichtig, Rochel Seltenreich’s mother, was a daughter of R’ Yosef Charif (a published family genealogy, Munkács 1939, p. 11, and Rochel’s gravestone).

23 October 2026

Rochel Seltenreich’s gravestone re-read; R’ Shimon Stern of Dąbrowa

Confirmed — Rochel (Rosi) Stern née Seltenreich, Babi’s great-grandmother, died 26 Adar 5677 = 20 Mar 1917 in Jerusalem and is buried on the Mount of Olives (her gravestone and the grave database, card 74985). The earlier 1916 was a misreading, and that conflict is removed.
Pending — Chain S: R’ Shimon Stern HaLevi of Dąbrowa, called R’ Yosef Charif’s cousin in a 1939 family book (Likely), suggests R’ Tzvi Hirsch’s father was a HaLevi named Stern. Kept apart from the other versions of the line.

23 October 2026

Anna’s brothers in the Palestine citizenship files; the Steigman memorial record

Confirmed — Anna’s brother Dr Max Pacht’s 1938 citizenship file (Afula, physician) and her brother Samuel’s 1943 naturalization file (Jerusalem, b. Sadău 7 Feb 1893, wife Chaje Cirl née Korn), with three photos now in the gallery.
Likely — Albert Pacht’s c. 1933 passport gives his birth as Sadău, 12 Dec 1889 (the tree had Seletin; both kept) and names his wife Rifca and daughter Renée, now on the tree by name only.
Confirmed — Anshel Steigman, Anna’s great-uncle: his memorial record matches his parents and wife; d. 1943, Transnistria.
Likely — Mariem Henzie Rosner née Pacht d. 1941 at Mogilev (Vatra Dornei memorial book). A 1943 file for “Mella Paecht” at Samuel’s address is Likely his daughter Mala (Open leads page).

23 October 2026

Babi’s uncle József Braun; her oral history read in full

Confirmed — Correction: Babi’s uncle József Braun (b. 1897, Kisvárda) survived the war in Budapest, came to New York in 1948 with his wife Aranka and died in Brooklyn in September 1986. He is no longer shown as a victim.
Likely — Babi’s whole oral history read: nine new entries on the Open leads page, from her father’s 1944 escape to the family’s years in São Paulo; nothing in the tree changed by them.

23 October 2026

Babi’s own account, Zeidi’s factory, the Sighet ohel

Confirmed — In her oral history interview Babi tells how she left Satu Mare in 1948, lived at the Institut Ascher at Bex until about December 1949, and joined her brother Shia at a displaced persons camp in Germany (Babi recalled Bergen-Belsen; her DP card says Wentorf, July 1950) before sailing to New York.
Confirmed — Zeidi’s “Heros” Hand Weaving Factory in Tel Aviv, a partnership with Adolf Hering (Palestine Gazette, 1942).
Confirmed — R’ Moshe Aryeh Freund’s gravestone in the ohel at Sighet: “Moshe Ari’ son of R’ Yehoshua”, 17 Adar II 5662.
Likely — Toldos HaYamim lists R’ Moshe Aryeh’s children and agrees with the tree; it names Nisel Leah’s first husband as R’ Yitzchak Meir Freund of Kroli.

23 October 2026 — two rabbis added; the Charif and Taz line

R’ Yisrael of Hunyad and the Ga’avad R’ Moshe Aryeh added; the Charif–Taz line on the pending list

Likely — R’ Yisrael Freund, Av Beit Din of Hunyad (Babi’s first cousin once removed), and his son R’ Moshe Aryeh Freund (1903–1996), Ga’avad of the Edah HaCharedit (Babi’s second cousin), added to the tree through R’ Avraham Yehoshua of Năsăud.
Pending — Rochel Seltenreich’s gravestone on the Mount of Olives names her grandfather R’ Yosef Charif of Zborov and the Taz; the line up to R’ Tzvi Hirsch of Dąbrowa rests on printed genealogies (Likely), and the generations between him and the Taz are unproven. See Open leads.

23 October 2026 — on the family’s word

Fáni’s parents kept; the Herman Freund family moved back to Open leads

Kept Confirmed — Fáni (Kaufman) Braun’s parents Ignácz Kaufman and Hani Szakmári (also Szatmári), on the family’s word. The 1876 birth-scan citation stays marked uncertain; the 1896 marriage index names both parents.
Moved back to Open leads — (Chaim) Herman Freund, his wife Eszter Paskesz, their daughter Margit Hana Malka, and Nisel Leah’s sons Samuel and Sion are no longer in the tree. They rest on index entries only, and Nisel Leah’s recorded age in 1881 conflicts with sons born in 1870 and 1873; they return when the original register pages are checked.

23 October 2026 — research round 7

The 1848 census of Kisvárda, read page by page in the original

Confirmed (original) — Sámuel Egi in the 1848 census of Kisvárda: 44, a teacher, born in Poland (“Pribtsits”), in Hungary since about 1817 and in Kisvárda since about 1829, with his children Antal (14), Háni (12) — Babi’s great-grandmother — and Franciska (1). Scan in the gallery.
Upgraded — Antal and Franciska Egi, Hani’s brother and sister, from Likely to Confirmed (the original page names them as Sámuel Egi’s children).
Checked — Márkus Braun, his wife Liebe and József Braun are not on any of Kisvárda’s 23 census pages of 1848; the villages around Kisvárda are the next place to look.
Open leads — four Nagykároly Freunds (1828–1890s) who may belong to the family of R’ Moshe Aryeh’s father Yosi Yehoshua; index entries only, not in the tree.

23 October 2026 — research round 6

Kisvárda and Bukovina registers, read in the original and in the indexes

Confirmed — R’ Moshe Aryeh Freund’s 1887 second marriage, now read in the original Kisvárda register: it names his parents as the late “Josi Jósia” and “Jetti” — a second original record, beside his 1902 death entry, for his father Yehoshua (Saie) and his mother Yetti (Gitsel). He was 61, a merchant born at Nagykároly, a widower living at Sighet. Scan in the gallery.
Confirmed (index of the original register) — Anna’s uncle Mordechai Berl Pacht was born at Câmpulung on 25 Feb 1867 (“Mordko Beer Pecht”, house 574), son of Israel and Ester née Schieber; a memorial record gives Feb 1868 — both kept on the conflicts list.
Checked and ruled out — Israel Pächt, born 1846 at Sereth, son of Chaim Jossel and Mariem (married Mindl Fischler in 1905), is not Anna’s grandfather Israel Pacht: Israel’s son Shmuel Yitzchak was already born about 1853.
Still open — Mordko Rosner’s 1925 civil marriage at Vășcăuți (which should name both sets of parents) is not among the Vășcăuți registers on FamilySearch; the archive request of 11 October stands.

23 October 2026 — research round 5

Tótkajna (Varannó district) Jewish registers, read in the original

Confirmed — a new great-great-grandaunt: Hani Kaufman, Ignácz’s sister, married Leopold Spitzer at Tótkajna on 22 Feb 1859; the entry names her parents “Manes und Zipra Kaufman in T. Kajnya”. Scan in the gallery.
Likely — Czipora (Cipra) Kaufman née Grünwald, Babi’s great-great-grandmother, died at Tótkajna on 13 Nov 1876, aged 55; she was born there. Scan in the gallery.
Likely — Thóbe Kaufman, Ignácz’s sister, died at Tótkajna in July 1864, aged 21, unmarried. Scan in the gallery.
Possible (open lead) — Márkus (“Mar.”) Kaufman of Tótkajna, whose daughters Mari and Cirl married Herman and Josef Blum there in the 1840s, may be Manesz’s parents; Josef Blum witnessed Hani’s 1859 wedding. Not proven.

23 October 2026 — research round 4

Kisvárda cemetery list, Kisvárda and Sighet registers

Likely — Fáni (Feige) Braun née Kaufman, Babi’s grandmother, died in Iyar 5685 (late April 1925) and is buried in the Kisvárda Jewish cemetery: the burial list names her as “Braun Nachmanné”, Feige daughter of R’ Yitzchak — Yitzchak being her father Ignácz.
Likely — Hani Egi’s Hebrew name was Chaya Sara (same burial list, June 1899, matching her civil death date).
Original — Aba Braun’s 1868 birth entry read: mother “Egi Hany”; scan in the gallery.
Original — the 1855 death entries of Marcus Braun (aged 69, born at Kisvárda, a widower) and Samuel Egy (aged 60) read in the Kisvárda register — Babi’s two great-great-grandfathers on her mother’s father’s side, both Likely; scans in the gallery.
Likely — 17 first cousins of Babi’s father found in the Sighet registers (books 277, 279, 282-A): the children of Izsák, Fradel and Shalom Freund, Reb Chaim’s brothers and sister, born 1877–1897; their grandfather Moshe Aryeh was sandek at several.
Likely — Nisel Leah Freund’s first husband was Iczik Freund of Nagykároly. Their son Herman married her stepdaughter Eszter Paskesz in 1897, so the Margit Hana Malka Freund who died in 1919 was Nisel Leah’s granddaughter (Sighet indexes).
Possible — Rosie Braun, daughter of Marcus and Liebe of Kisvárda, married in April 1851 (original entry, scan in the gallery): perhaps József Braun’s sister and Márkus Braun’s daughter.
Open leads — the Kisvárda community pages, the Câmpulung register catalogue and the Nyíregyháza names checked; statuses updated.

23 October 2026 — research round 3

Checks and family leads

Confirmed (re-checked) — Fáni Kaufman’s parents Ignácz Kaufman and Hani Szakmári: the 1896 marriage entry names them plainly, and the original 1876 birth page agrees on her father, date and place.
Confirmed — Lea Kaufman (b. 10 Jul 1869): the original register entry names her parents Ignatz Kaufman and Hani Szatmári of Tótkajna; scan in the gallery.
Likely — Moses Braun, born at Kisvárda on 8 Sep 1866 to Josef Braun and Hany: found by reading the unindexed register page by page; scan in the gallery.
Original — Schasi Braun’s 1865 birth entry: father Josef Braun, mother Kati Egi (scan in the gallery).
Likely — Reb Chaim Freund married Chaja Stern of Kurima on 16 Sep 1884 at his father’s house in Sighet, both fathers witnessing; six of his brothers’ and sisters’ weddings (1874–1883) added to their cards.
Open leads — every family-sent lead is now listed with its status (Paskesz children, the 1919 Freund grave, the Kisvárda census, Satu Mare Brauns and Freunds, Manisz Kaufmann). None joined the tree without an original record.

23 October 2026 — research round 1

Going up every line

Confirmed — Fáni Kaufman’s parents found: her 1896 marriage at Varannó names them as Ignácz Kaufman and Hani Szakmári, and gives her birth as 3 October 1876 at Porubka (her birth entry was also found).
Likely — Fáni’s brothers and sister: Lea (1869), Simson (1875), Moses (1877) and Márkus (died 1886).
Likely — The Stern family of Kurima a generation further back: the 1848, 1857 and 1869 censuses show Jakob (very probably Anshel) Stern of Sztropkó and Gitel with Samuel and six brothers and sisters.
Confirmed — Josef Schaja Stern, born 1854, registered as the son of Anschel and Gitel Stern.
Likely — Marim Seltenreich, a sister of Babi’s great-grandmother Rochel, married at Zboró in 1853.
Confirmed — Anshel and Feige Steigman are proven children of Mottel Steigman and Malka Buller of Sadeu (their children’s birth entries); Feige’s husband Moses Simche Buller and six children, and Anshel’s wife Gitel Wucher and daughter Ruchel, added.
Confirmed — Shlomo Pacht’s exact birth (9 April 1895, Poiana Stampei) and his 1922 marriage to Ester Schimmel; Shmuel Yitzchak and Dvora Pacht now proven children of Israel Pacht and Ester Schieber.
Likely — Sámuel Egi, born about 1804 in Poland, with his children Antal, Hani and Franciska in the 1848 census of Kisvárda; Márkus Braun’s death at Kisvárda in 1855, aged 69.
Confirmed — Papi and Babi’s portrait is now the picture on the home page.

23 October 2026

The site opens

Confirmed — The family tree of Papi and Babi with the Rosner, Pacht and Steigman, Freund and Stern, and Braun and Kaufman lines, each person with a label and sources.
Confirmed — The framed photograph of Sender and Chana Freund and their children, with the names as written on the print.
Confirmed — Zeidi’s brother and sisters from the 1921 Waschkoutz register, and the families of Breina, Mendel and Miriam.
Confirmed — The Braun family of Kisvárda back to Babi’s great-great-grandfather Márkus Braun.
Likely — Sender Freund’s father Chaim of Sighet is Reb Chaim Freund of Satmar and Jerusalem.
Likely — Zeidi’s brother Yosef Shlomo Rosner (d. Holon 1992), “ben Mordechai Simcha” on his stone, named by Zeidi on his 1948 card.
Confirmed — Jacob Pacht’s brothers and sisters from the Bukovina registers: Abraham, Dvora, Rachel, Mordechai Berl, Sara Lea, Chaje, Mariem Henzie and Shmuel Yitzchak.
Confirmed — Anschel Freund’s shoe store in Szatmár (1912–14 advertisements) and his 1911 marriage to Margit Paskesz (Likely).
Likely — Babi’s grandmother Fáni Braun heads the donors to the Kisvárda Jewish women’s soup kitchen, 1919.
Confirmed — Papi and Babi’s Brazilian naturalization decree of 30 Nov 1960 names Babi’s father, Alexander Freund.

27 October 2026, late morning (the Sighet burial registers)

Read in the Sighet registers

Likely — R’ Yaakov Yehuda HaKohen Glick’s grave in the Sighet cemetery register: “Yaakov Yehuda, son of Ben Zion, HaKohen, 5695”, block 1, row 6, grave 5 (entry 330), two graves from his brother-in-law R’ Yitzchak Freund. The register gives no surname.
Likely — R’ Moshe Aryeh Freund with his sons Yosef Shmuel, Shalom, Yitzchak and Refael on a members’ list of the Sighet Chevra Kadisha and Bikur Cholim, compiled from its protocols of 1885–1922.
Confirmed as a record — R’ Shalom Freund in the burial-society book of 1941–44, aged 81 (fits his 1861 birth); the book dates him 18 Shevat, his stone 8 Shevat, and the site keeps the stone’s date. He lies in his father’s ohel (entry 229).

Dates the records disagree on

Where two records give different dates for the same event, both are shown and neither is preferred.

Papi’s birth	14 Mar 1929 — Cernăuți birth register no. 116 14 Mar 1930 — US visa card 1950, Brazilian decree 1960, social security
Papi’s death	5 Jan 2016 — Beth Moses interment record and gravestone (24 Tevet 5776) 4 Jan 2016 — a family tree online
Babi’s birth	14 Oct 1931 — IRO file 1949, social security 12 Feb 1930 — a 1938/39 Satu Mare school register
Anna’s birth	22 Apr 1900 — 1948 card, 1952 São Paulo card 22 Apr 1901 — her 1924 marriage record
Chana’s birth	19 May 1899 — Kisvárda civil birth act 134 1895 — a memorial record
Sender’s death	15 Cheshvan 5708 = 29 Oct 1947 — his gravestone and the cemetery register 10 Nov 1946 — an online tree (no source)
Reb Chaim’s birth	18/19 Nov 1863 (7/8 Kislev 5624) — a family book and a 1931 marriage record 15 Aug 1864 — a Palestine record
Yehoshua Freund’s birth	1885 — Kurima register 1880 — memorial records
Fáni’s birth	3 Oct 1876, Porubka — her 1896 marriage and the Homonna-district register c.1872, Varannó — earlier estimate from later papers
Samuel Stern’s birth	1836 — his 1858 marriage (aged 22) and the 1857 census c.1840 — 1848 census (aged 8); 1819 — 1869 census
Shlomo Pacht’s birth	9 Apr 1895, Poiana Stampei — his son’s 1924 birth entry 1895, Vatra Dornei — memorial records
Anshel Stern’s name	Anschel / Amsel — his son’s 1854 birth and Samuel’s 1858 marriage Jakab / Jakob — the 1848 and 1857 censuses (same wife Gitel, same son Samuel; Likely one man)
Rachel Pacht’s birth	18 Nov 1862, Câmpulung — birth register (parents Israel and Ester) 1869, Dorna — memorial records
Scheine Ruchel Steigman’s birth	c. Dec 1868, Wiznitz — as on her card 1867 — her son Marcus’s 1908 birth entry (Dorna Watra)
Ignácz Kaufman’s birth	1 Sep 1846, Tótkajna — the indexed birth entry (as Izak) and his 1898 marriage 1842 — the 1869 census of Tótkajna
Hani Szakmári’s birth	c.1844 — aged 53 at her death in 1897 1838 — the 1869 census of Tótkajna
Hani Kaufman’s maiden name	Szatmári — Lea’s 1869 birth entry (original) and the 1869 census Szakmári / Szakmary / Szokmary — births 1875–1877 and 1886, Fáni’s 1896 marriage, her 1897 death
Schasi Braun’s mother	Kati Egi — her original 1865 birth entry Hani Egi — the mother of József Braun’s other children (1858, 1868: “Egi Hany” in Aba’s original entry; 1873)
Sámuel Egi’s birth	c.1804 — aged 44 in the 1848 Kisvárda census c.1795 — aged 60 at his death in July 1855 (original entry)
Mordechai Berl (Dov) Pacht’s birth	25 Feb 1867, Câmpulung — Câmpulung Jewish birth register (index) Feb 1868 — a memorial record
Birth year of R’ Moshe Aryeh Freund, the Ga’avad	6 Tishrei 5664 = 27 Sep 1903 — an online encyclopedia 1904 — BoroPark24 (2023); 1902 — a dealer’s catalogue; 1894 — the same online encyclopedia, in another place (a typo-level variant)
Reb Chaim’s emigration to Palestine	26 Dec 1939 — the records 1937 or 1938 — Babi’s oral history (part 1, 0:14:28)
Reb Chaim’s death	6 Nisan 5710 = 24 Mar 1950, Jerusalem — the records 1948 — Babi’s oral history (part 1, 0:15:25)
Albert Pacht’s birthplace	Sadău, 12 Dec 1889 — his c. 1933 Romanian passport Seletin, 1889 — earlier sources
Anshel Steigman’s birth	1875, Wiznitz — his daughter Ruchel’s 1903 birth entry 1886, Brodina — a memorial record (item 3904904)
Jacob Pacht’s death	Oct 1941, Transnistria — a memorial record (item 597966) 1942 — a memorial record (item 1047371)
Samuel Pacht’s wife’s maiden name	Korn — his 1919 marriage and 1943 naturalization file Perschel — her 1968 death notices (Likely one woman)
Rivka (Bella Rivka) Kohn’s husband	Lajos (Lipa Yom Tov Chananya) Kohn — the tree’s records “Lizer” — Babi’s oral history, 2016 (perhaps Lipa misheard); the tree is kept
Babi’s brother Shia, 1944	hid with the Handler family in 1944 — a 2018 magazine article smuggled from Nagyvárad to Romania in August 1944, then with his father until the war’s end — Babi’s oral history, 2016 (both may be true, one after the other)
Aunt Eszter (Esther) Fischer’s son — RESOLVED	Tzvi (6) and Feiga (8) — the memorial records of Esther’s children (items 403999, 8714481); the tree is unchanged Babi remembered aunt Esther’s son as Nachman. The memorial records name Esther’s children Tzvi (6) and Feiga (8). Nachman (6) was aunt Jolán’s son (item 8206343), and Jolán also had a Feiga of about 8. The two families merged in memory. Tree unchanged.
Bella Rivka Kohn’s children: where they died	Auschwitz, May 1944 — a memorial record (item 345815) for all four children Nándor, 1945, Dörnhau, and Feigl Eva, 1945, Bergen-Belsen — the tree’s other records; the tree is kept
Jolán Braun’s birth	1911, Kisvárda — a 1948 death-declaration card (15 Apr 1911; the same day-and-month is wrong on her brother Géza’s card, so the day is doubtful) and a victims list (3 Jun 1911); in the tree as 1911 (Likely). Still open: the 1911 Kisvárda birth register has not been read 1916 — one memorial page
Géza Braun’s death	18 Jan 1945, Mauthausen (Melk subcamp) — the camp’s own death notice in his prisoner file (Arolsen Archives), the Hungarian loss-register card and a Mauthausen list (Confirmed); now in the tree Auschwitz, 1944 — a memorial record by the family; Auschwitz, 15 Jul 1944 — his 1948 death-declaration card (a set date, also on his brother’s and sister’s cards)
R’ Tzvi Hirsch HaLevi Leitzes’s death	13 Tishrei 5564 = 29 Sep 1803 — a published family genealogy (Munkács 1939), p. 9, and a printed genealogy (in the tree) 13 Tishrei 5563 = 9 Oct 1802 — a later re-issue (not yet seen)
Zali (Sari) Reinitz’s father, wife of R’ Yosef Zeltenreich	“Samuel Reinitz” — a marriage index of 25 Nov 1879, Gálszécs, as quoted on an online family-tree site “R’ Yehoshua Baruch Reinitz, Av Beit Din of Szczekociny” — Shulchan HaEzer vol. 2, note (א), in print
Rochel’s brother R’ Hersh Leib and the 1848 census	A son “Hersko, 4” in Sender’s household in 1848 (b. c.1844) R’ Hersh Leib’s son Yosef was b. c.1857 (print and an 1879 marriage index), so Hersh Leib must have been born by the mid-1830s; Hersko may be another son. Both kept
Dr Max (Mordechai) Pacht’s arrival in Palestine	1935 — a published biography (Hebrew) of his Czernowitz classmate Chaim Sheba 10 Aug 1934 — his Mandate file as read in an outside report (that page not yet read for this site); both kept
Shlomo Stieber's fate	Survived; d. 16 Jan 2008 (9 Shevat 5768), buried Nahariya — his own gravestone (BillionGraves 18612660, record only) Listed aged 12 among the dead in a 1957 memorial record (item 8468243) — most likely an error in that record
Yaakov Stieber's death year	2 Dec 1942 (23 Kislev 5703) — his brother’s gravestone; 1942, Murafa — Gura Humorului memorial list (USHMM AD0258) 2 Dec 1943 — a 1999 memorial record (item 13453147)
Yaakov Stieber's birth year	1923 — a 1999 memorial record (item 13453147) 1922 — Gura Humorului memorial list (USHMM AD0258)
Mendel Rosner's home	Banila pe Ceremuș — memorial records (items 5666952, 5666953) Zadova — a 1957 memorial record (item 1356473)
Aizik Klein's birth	5 May 1907, Lukawetz — a memorial record by his brother (item 8647446) 1905, Zadova — item 1612780; c.1903 — the site's earlier reading
Aizik Klein's death year	1943 — memorial records (items 1612780, 8647446) 1941, Mogilev — a 1999 memorial record
Yankele (Yaakov) Klein's age	7 — item 1026053 5 — item 8464030; 9 — item 8647446
Itel (Yitel) Brettler’s death date	27 Elul 5685 = 16 Sep 1925 — her gravestone (the date the site keeps) 25 Sep 1925 — Satu Mare Orthodox cemetery register
Yosef Freund’s birthplace	Kurima — the Kurima civil birth entry of 28 Nov 1895 (Likely him) Szatmárnémeti (Satu Mare) — his 1947 Palestine citizenship file, same date
R’ Avraham Yehoshua Freund (the Naszód Rav)’s death date	Monday, 11 Elul 5692 = 12 Sep 1932, in his 77th year — his gravestone (the date the site keeps; it also matches his yahrzeit, 11 Elul); Hadrat Kodesh (Jerusalem 5720 reprint, first printed Satmar 5702), p.86, places his death before dawn on the Monday of the week of Ki Tavo, which agrees 13 Aug 1932 — Satu Mare Orthodox cemetery register
Feiga Freund’s age at death (13 Jan 1927)	a year and a half — her gravestone 2 years — Satu Mare Orthodox cemetery register
Osias (R’ Yehoshua) Brettler’s age and death date	aged 39; Monday, Sukkot [5675] = 5 Oct 1914 — his gravestone (the register agrees on the date) aged 40 — Satu Mare Orthodox cemetery register; died 18 Tishrei 5675 (8 Oct 1914) — the Freund family book
Rebbetzin Fradel Freund’s death (Naszód Rav’s wife)	8 Nisan 5695 = 11 Apr 1935 — her gravestone (“ח׳ לחודש ניסן תרצ״ה”) and the Satu Mare cemetery register agree (used) 5 Nisan 5691 (1931) — a 2012 published genealogy; a misreading of the stone (set aside)
Yechezkel Shraga (Ede) Freund’s death	20 Sivan 5675 = 2 Jun 1915, aged 16 — the Satu Mare cemetery register’s reading of his stone; read again at high enlargement (23 Oct 2026) the stone’s date also looks like “כ׳ סיון תרע״ה” (kept) 1 May 1918, aged 19 — the Satu Mare civil death register for Ede Freund, son of Samuel and Regina Fleischman, born 11 May 1899, with a margin note on his birth entry giving 2 May 1918 (kept). The word before the stone’s date, earlier read “ל״ה בעומר” (20 Iyar, which would fit 1–2 May 1918), does not fit a date in Sivan; only a clearer photograph of plot 6/2/3 or the Satu Mare archive’s death act can settle it
Nachman Braun’s death	19 Tishrei 5682 = 21 Oct 1921, Kisvárda — his gravestone, “R’ Nachman son of Yosef Yozpa” (photograph in the family booklet, online); his wife’s 1925 stone calls him deceased. Used on his card 1944 — a Csaholc list (“Braun Néchmán and family”), which gives no age or father: probably a different Nachman Braun
Reb Chaim Freund’s move to Eretz Yisroel	1938 — the family booklet (online) 26 Dec 1939 — his arrival record, Tel Aviv
Children of R’ Moshe Aryeh Freund (Jerusalem) lost in 1944	nine — the family booklet (online) eight — the other sources on his card
Children of Tuvia Gedalia Freund	none — the family booklet (online) two sons who died young — Satu Mare records
R’ Simcha HaKohen Rapaport’s ancestry	Family booklet (online): son of R’ Gershon HaKohen of Rava, son of R’ Binyamin HaKohen, author of Gevulat Binyamin, whom it calls R’ Chaim HaKohen of Lvov’s son-in-law Da’at Kedoshim (1897–98) names only R’ Simcha and R’ Shabtai as R’ Binyamin’s sons (no Gershon) and makes R’ Binyamin R’ Chaim’s brother; it was R’ Binyamin’s son R’ Simcha who married R’ Chaim’s daughter. The two upper steps are kept as family tradition on R’ Simcha’s card, not on the tree
Reb Chaim Freund’s sandak (1863)	Gedulat Yehoshua vol. 2, p. 44 (in his brother R’ Rafael’s name): R’ Shmuel Shmelke Klein, Rav of Selish, with the Yitav Lev as mohel Sighet birth register, 18 Nov 1863: godfather “Teitelbaum S. L.”
Fradel Glück’s death date	Civil death register, Máramarossziget: 28 Aug 1906 Burial register and Gedulat Yehoshua vol. 1, p. 9: 8 Elul 5666 (29 Aug 1906 by day; a death on the evening of 28 Aug falls on 8 Elul)
R’ Moshe Aryeh’s first son-in-law (Brettler of Kolomyja)	Sefer Marmarosh, p. 23, and Yitel’s stone (“wife of Itzi Brettler”): R’ Yitzchak Brettler Gedulat Yehoshua vol. 1, p. 72: R’ Yitzchak Zev Brettler, called the father of the son-in-law
Year Gevulat Binyamin was printed	The book’s printer’s introduction, dated 21 Shevat 5549 (1789) Jewish Encyclopedia (1906), “Rapoport”: Lemberg, 1799
R’ Moshe Aryeh’s burial place in Sighet	Gedulat Yehoshua vol. 2, p. 87: beside the wall of the Yitav Lev’s ohel, with an opening made in the wall Gedulat Yehoshua vol. 2, p. 89, and the 2019 photograph: in his own ohel, where R’ Shlomo Leib Tabak was later buried (the ohel now known by R’ Tabak’s name)
Chana Malka’s father in the Sighet burial register	sighet.org index, entry 411: “Chana Malka”, father’s column “Moshe” — agrees with the family booklet’s parents “Moishe and Fayga Katz” (her father on the tree, Likely) The same entry has no husband and no surname; “Moshe” may be an indexing slip for her husband R’ Moshe Aryeh (whose daughter Fradel lies beside her, entry 410)
Bobbe Hinda’s grave	Family booklet: Hinda, daughter of R’ Gershon HaKohen Rapaport, lived to about 92 (on the tree, Likely) Sighet register entry 2915: “Hinda, father Gershon”, d. 5625 (1865), block 3 row 2 grave 50 — no surname and not beside the Katz-Rapoport graves (entries 3040, row 6; 3069, row 8); kept as Possible only
Death year of Mordechai Katz-Rapoport, son of Gershon (Sighet, block 3, row 6, grave 18)	sighet.org index, entry 3040: תקס״ב = 5562 (1801/02) JewishGen burial registry (JOWBR) transcription: 5582 (1821/22)
R’ Binyamin HaKohen Rapoport’s post	Da’at Kedoshim (1897), p. 156: maggid (מ״מ) of Brzezany in Galicia; the Jewish Encyclopedia also places him at Brzeżany A modern biography printed in a reprint of Gevulat Binyamin, and the family booklet’s line: maggid of Kalisz (where it says he died, 21 Kislev 5531). The 1789 title page names no town
Nachman Braun’s burial record	His stone (photograph in the family booklet): R’ Nachman son of Yosef … Yozpa, d. 3rd day of Chol HaMoed Sukkot 5682 = 21 Oct 1921 (kept) Kisvárda burial list (KehilaLinks, list p. 11): “האיש ר׳ נחמן”, row 56, no date and no father’s name; a 1944 Csaholc list names a “Braun Néchmán and family” (probably another man)
R’ Avraham Yehoshua Freund’s birth year	His stone (“in his 77th year”, d. 1932; printed in Maor Yehoshua, p. 7) and Hadrat Kodesh (Jerusalem 5720 reprint, first printed Satmar 5702), p. 24: 12 Tammuz 5615 = 1855 (kept); Israel Heritage Foundation yahrzeit booklet, Elul 5784, p. 25: “born 12 Tammuz 5615 in Sighet” Sefer Marmarosh (1983), pp. 33–34: 5610 = 1850 (kept as a Possible variant only)
Chana Malka’s father: where the name Rapoport comes from	Israel Heritage Foundation yahrzeit booklets (Elul 5782, 5784 p. 25, 5785) and toladot (2012): “daughter of R’ Moshe HaKohen Rapoport of Sighet” — Rapoport as his own surname (the site keeps R’ Moshe HaKohen of Sighet as her father, Likely) Family booklet (online): parents “Moishe and Fayga Katz”, the Rapoport descent coming through Fayga’s mother Hinda, daughter of R’ Gershon HaKohen Rapaport. Katz is the usual short form for a Kohen, so both can describe one man; unproven which way
Which daughter of R’ Yehoshua married R’ Yonah Fogel	Gedulat Yehoshua vol. 1, p. 23: “the tzadeket Mrs Shindel, wife of R’ Yonah of Zsadány” Malka — the family booklet Kuntres Shemen LaMaor (p. כב) and Seder Megillat Yuchasin, which both make Sheindel the wife of R’ Getzel Grünzweig; the Satu Mare cemetery register has “Fogel Malka Jonane”, and the daughters’ civil death entries name their mother Amalia, the civil form of Malka. The records favour Malka
Manesz Kaufman’s age and late wife (1901 death entry of “Manisz Kaufmann, son of Markusz”)	1869 census: born 1820; wife Czipora née Grünwald (d. Tótkajna 13 Nov 1876) Szedliszke civil deaths 1901 no. 38: aged 90 (≈1811); widower of Czili née Berger — read as a second marriage after 1876 (not yet found)
Miriam (Mariem) Klein née Rosner: birth year and date/place of death	born 1906 — Waschkoutz register; died Mogilev, Transnistria, 1941 or 1943 — two memorial records born 1909; died 1942 beyond the Bug — memorial record item 912866
Fire at the Invierea knitwear factory, New Year’s night 1934/35: damage and cause	30,000 lei, a short circuit — Der Tag, 4 Jan 1935 50,000 lei, a faulty flue in the machine room — Czernowitzer Deutsche Tagespost, 3 Jan 1935
Mordko Rosner’s birth	c.1869 — “aged about 70” in a memorial record c.1866 — “73” in a Czernowitz report of 1 Sep 1939 (the later report that also misnames him “Abraham”, so the weaker source)
Mendel Rosner’s birth	1904 — Waschkoutz register; 1908 — a memorial record c.1900 — “aged 40” in 1940, memorial record item 5666952
Zeidi’s Tel Aviv house number, July 1941	10 Zamenhof Street — HaGeh, 13 Jul 1941, and all the family’s papers 12 Zamenhof Street — HaShahar, 11 Jul 1941
When R’ Yisrael Freund took the Radna post	5664 (1903/04) — the Toladot blog by Dec 1905 — his father still signs from Radna on 19 Apr 1905 and writes to “R’ Yisrael, Av Beit Din of Ragne” on 8 Dec 1905 (Maor Yehoshua pp.15, 60)
R’ Chanoch Henich Freund’s birthplace	Entradam — his son Samu’s birth entry, Óradna 1897 Óradna — his son Elek’s birth entry, Bártfa 1899
Death of R’ Mordechai Yuda Löw, the Naszód Rav’s father-in-law	5665 (1904/05) — Hadrat Kodesh p.31 (with 18 Shevat, 24 Jan 1905, the better fit, Likely) 18 Shevat 5666 = 13 Feb 1906 — a family website
Czipora Kaufman née Grünwald’s birthplace	Tótkajna (“born at Kajnya”) — her 1876 death entry another village, read roughly “Baj…ócz” — the original 1869 census sheet (reading uncertain)
Nachman Braun’s Kisvárda address, 1905	Csillag utca 3, 1899–1905 — Nachman’s note Kossuth utca 11 in March 1905 — Bella’s birth act no. 94
Fáni Kaufman’s birthplace	Porubka, 3 Oct 1876 — her 1896 marriage and the Homonna-district birth register Varannó, aged 31 in 1905 — Bella’s birth act no. 94
R’ Yonah Fogel’s town	Zsadány — Gedulat Yehoshua “מזשארדאן” — the family booklet Kuntres Shemen LaMaor; not settled, so no town is shown on his card
Death year of Leah, first wife of R’ Avraham Yaakov Freund	15 Nisan 5626 = 31 Mar 1866 — the Satu Mare cemetery register (preferred) 15 Nisan 5627 — the family booklet Kuntres Shemen LaMaor
Who was the dayan of Pápa	R’ Rafael, son of R’ Moshe — the Lechem Shlomo yahrzeit list (as on the site) R’ Moshe, R’ Rafael’s father — the family booklet Kuntres Shemen LaMaor (p. מח). Both name R’ Moshe as R’ Rafael’s father
Breina (Brane) Stieber’s birth	1898, Vilaucea — as on the site (Waschkoutz register) 18 Apr 1901, Vijnița district — a 1942 Cernăuți record (Likely her)
R’ Moshe HaKohen of Sighet’s death year	6 Sivan 5624 (10 Jun 1864) — the photographer’s reading of his stone (as on the site) 5627 (1866/67) — the Sighet burial register, entry 3012
Textila Ardeleană’s founding date	31 Dec 1933 — the founding of Textila Ardeleană SA, as on Sender’s card 27 Jan 1926 — the Satu Mare county company files of “Industria Textilă Ardeleana S.A.” open on that date (Romanian National Archives, Satu Mare, inventory 6, units 2308–2310). A re-founding, or a different company of the same name; both dates are kept
Babi’s displaced persons camp, 1950	Bergen-Belsen — as Babi recalled it (2016, 2020) and the family booklet Wentorf near Hamburg — her DP card, made there on 20 Jul 1950; she left for the USA via Bremen-Grohn on 29 Aug 1950 (Arolsen Archives, DocID 67083498). The card proves Wentorf only from July 1950
Ezekiel Freund of Szatmár and Ábrahám Freund of Satmar	brothers — Egyenlőség (Budapest), 8 Mar 1895, p. 8 nephew (the Romanian “nepot”, which can also mean grandson) — Mór Stern’s history of the Szatmár community, Romanian translation (Satu Mare 2013), p. 118 (Possible); both kept
Mordko Rosner’s first name in the 1939 reports	Mordko / Mordechai Simcha — his own records and the other reports “Abraham Rosner”, aged 73 — only a later report from Storojineț, printed in the Czernowitzer Deutsche Tagespost, 31 Aug 1939, and the Czernowitzer Morgenblatt, 1 Sep 1939 (the report his age is taken from); four reports of 1–4 Aug 1939 say Mordko. Likely a press error: that later report also gets other household details wrong
Jetti Fleischer née Pacht’s birth	c.1878, Câmpulung — aged 16 at her marriage, 29 Jan 1895 4 Apr 1879, Dorna Kandreny — the Bukovina births index (her birth entry, legitimized 1887); both kept
Fani (Fejge) Freund née Spitz’s death (Ezekiel’s widow; not on the tree)	4 Jul 1917, aged 70 — Satu Mare cemetery register, from the State Archive death entry 20 Jul 1913 — her stone (row 4/10, grave 2) as transcribed; the same Hebrew day and month (14/15 Tammuz), the years one similar letter apart — Likely a misreading of the stone; both kept
Ezekiel Freund of Szatmár’s death (not on the tree)	4 Apr 1912 — Szamos, Új Szatmár and Szatmár-Németi; his stone (17 Nisan, read by JOWBR as 5662, which must be 5672) 3 Apr 1912 — the civil death register extract; both kept
Rozalia (Roza) Brettler’s death date	28 Mar 1912 — Satu Mare cemetery register (kept) 29 Mar 1912 — her civil birth abstract’s death note
Jolan Brettler’s death date	26 Jun 1918 — Satu Mare cemetery register (kept) 27 Jun 1918 — her civil birth abstract’s death note
Ilona Brettler’s birth date	17 Oct 1906 — as written in the Satu Mare birth abstract (the same date as her brother Mór) c.1908 — the parents’ ages in her entry are two years older than in Mór’s; the date is probably a copying slip
R’ Asher Anshil Yaakov Brettler’s birth year	15 Dec 1894 — his civil marriage abstract (1919) (kept); his wife Fani b. 2 Mar 1895 1896 — the 1944 memorial list, for him and his wife
Salamon Stein’s age and the Stein births	Salamon, 18, at his marriage to Rifke Freund, Sighet, 31 Dec 1882 (register book 283) Children of Sulem Stein and Rifka Freund born 28 May 1880 and 7 Jan 1882 (book 277) — the marriage entry was probably a later registration of an earlier religious wedding, or the age is a slip; not resolved
Rifke (Rivka) Stein née Freund: last residence and age	Hajdúböszörmény, born 1860 at Máramarossziget (memorial record, item 665709) Vásárosnamény, aged 80 (memorial record, item 3597335) — both name her parents Moshe Aryeh and Chana Malka; her Sighet birth entry gives 15 Oct 1861
Emil (Emánuel) Stein’s birth	23 Sep 1890, Vásárosnamény (Arolsen Archives card file; Hungarian victims’ name list) 1892, Kisvárda (memorial record, item 1679412)
Birthplaces of Rifke’s children	Budapest is given in family memorial records for the children born in 1880, 1891 and 1895 The 1880 child (Sio) was born at Sighet (Sighet birth index), so the Budapest birthplaces may be guesses
A second Yehoshua Stein	One family memorial record lists a Yehoshua Stein “aged 55” at Vásárosnamény That age does not fit the Yehoshua (Sio) born in 1880; not resolved
Relationships stated in the Stein memorial records	The later records of the family mark the relationship of the person who gave them inconsistently on records of one generation Kept as written; the names, parents and places are what is used here
Rifke’s children	Thirteen children are stated in one memorial record Eight are on the tree here (Sio/Zsigmond, Hinda, Feiga, Emil, Zakharia, Dr Aryeh, Yitzchak, Tzvi); Sheindl and Mendel are open leads (Mendel may be Emil); the others are not known
Sio Stein’s name Zsigmond	Officially changed to Zsigmond in 1914 (note in the Sighet birth index) “Dr. Stein Zsigmond”, lawyer at Vásárosnamény, in a newspaper of 8 Feb 1912
Dr Aryeh Stein’s first name	The database title of one memorial record reads “Mosze Arje” The record’s own first-name field reads “Arie”