What changed

Research changelog

Every addition and correction, dated, with the record it rests on.

28 October 2026 · 28 Oct 2026, night: round-5 research report applied (Preschel, Pacht firm, Feuerverger)

Meli (Male) Preschel’s death at Dąbki, 21 Jun 1896, on her daughter Chaya Tzirel’s and her husband Chaim Dov’s cards. — AGAD Warsaw, Horodenka deaths 1896 no. 81 · Confirmed record / Likely identity
Seide Preschel at Zastawna and Kriszczatek, 1909–1911 (community board, mill, merchant), on Chaim Dov’s card. — Czernowitz newspapers on ANNO · Confirmed notices / Likely identity
The Pacht brothers’ firm in print as “Brüder Pacht” from Jan 1920 (Mendel’s and Samuel’s cards, timeline). — Ostjüdische Zeitung 1920 · Confirmed
Open leads: the April 1920 Czernowitz notice, M. L. Kugler, the Gottesmanns of Zwiniacze, Seide’s and Meli’s families, an Abraham Pacht family of Dorna-Kandreny, a do-not-merge note on Salomon Preschel of Czinkeu, and the Feuerverger naming argument. — Possible
A source line on Brane Rosner’s card no longer names who filed her memorial records. — site rule

28 October 2026 · 28 Oct 2026, night: round-4 research report applied (Rifke Freund’s family, Kaufman, Karfunkel)

Rifke Freund’s later life (Rivka Stein of Vásárosnamény, 1944) replaces “later life unknown”; six of her children added (Feiga, Emil, Zakharia, Dr Aryeh, Yitzchak, Tzvi); Sio’s card now Dr Zsigmond Stein, the lawyer; Hinda’s card updated. — memorial records · Mátészalka és Vidéke 1912 · Arolsen Archives · Confirmed / Likely
Witnesses at Fáni Kaufman’s 1896 wedding. — JewishGen Hungary marriages index · Confirmed
Open leads: Sheindl and Mendel Stein, the 1902 obituary writer (updated), the Karfunkels of Napkor, the Weltman–Szakmári link, two Salamon Stein mentions; eight differing-date notes added. — Possible

28 October 2026 · 28 Oct 2026, night: round-3 research report applied (Brettler, Stern of Kurima, Seltenreich)

Eleven people added: seven Brettler children of Osias and Gitel; Sio and Hinda Stein; Biene Seltenreich née Weisz; David, Regina and Lina Seltenreich. — Satu Mare civil register abstracts · Slovak and Hungarian civil indexes · Sighet births index · Confirmed / Likely
The 1904 Brettler–Stern civil marriage; R’ Asher Anshil’s 1919 marriage and birth date; exact birth dates for Rozalia and Jolan; R’ Shmuel Likely b. 1913. — Satu Mare civil register abstracts · Confirmed / Likely
The 1887 “Hani Stern” store lead answered (Hani née Salczer, not Chaya); R’ Yosef Zeltenreich’s 1879 marriage index seen. — 1857 Kurima census · Slovak civil deaths 1904 · Hungarian marriages index · Likely / Confirmed
Five new open leads and five new rows in the list of differing dates. — Possible

28 October 2026 · 28 Oct 2026, night: round-2 research reports applied (Freund, Rosner–Buller, Pacht–Preschel)

Six people added: Jankel and Abraham Salamon Pacht; Jacob, Mortko Leib, Mendel and Ettel Hammer. — Bukovina births index · Confirmed (index)
Samuel Pacht’s wife’s family: the Korn name explained, her brother Rav Salman and sister Sprinze named in her 1968 notice, Mendel’s wife Etel’s parents. — Arolsen card (index) · Die Stimme 1968 · Ostjüdische Zeitung 1935 · Confirmed / Likely
Mordechai Markus Pacht’s gravestone photograph, with its credit. — bezikaron.co.il, record A8VHB · Confirmed
R’ Avraham Yaakov of Satmar’s second family and the Balla surname; his widow Katalin’s father; Ezekiel’s wife Fani Spitz (open lead). — Szatmár register index · Satu Mare cemetery register · Likely / Confirmed
Mordko: the 1939 “Abraham Rosner” is Likely a press error; Rosa Buller’s death confirmed by a second source; Henzi Pacht’s birth and death; 2 differing-dates rows, 9 open leads. — DiFMOE · Bukovina indexes · grades as given, none raised

28 October 2026 · 28 Oct 2026, night: five overnight research reports applied

R’ Moshe Aryeh Freund’s 1902 obituary and the Sighet family firms (1887, 1893). — Zsidó Híradó 3 Apr 1902 · Czégek kézikönyve 1887 · Központi Értesítő 1893 · Confirmed / Likely
Reb Chaim: the 1897 end of the Katz partnership, the 1917 address, the 1934 steam-mill purchase. — Központi Értesítő 1897 · Szamos 1917 · Keleti Újság 1934 · Confirmed / Likely
Six people added: Shimon Buller and Rosa née Rosner, Witie Lea Buller, Aharon and Bruche Pacht, an unnamed Kaufman daughter. — JOWBR · Bukovina births index · Varannó deaths 1887 · Likely / Confirmed
Seven images: the 1902 obituary, five gravestones (Feige, Shimon and Rosa Buller; Klara and Magda Freund), the Rădăuți cemetery, the 1887 Kaufman death entry. — JOWBR, gravez.me, Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0), EPA, FamilySearch · each with its credit
Notes added to 20 cards (Pacht–Preschel, Frații Pacht, Mendel caution, Klipper, Berta Berkovits, Katalin née Friedman, Aranka née Karfunkel …); 3 differing-dates rows; 15 open leads. — the night reports of 28 Oct 2026 · grades as given, none raised

28 October 2026 · 28 Oct 2026: Freund originals and date corrections

Eszter (1911), Mózes Arje (1913) and Zsigmond (1919), children of Henrik (Chaim Nüszen) Freund and Berta (Baszje) Berkovits, added from their original Sighet birth entries. — Sighet civil births 1911 act 151, 1913 act 305, 1919 act 586; marriage 1909 act 109 (original page images) · Likely
Regina (Ruchel) Freund’s birth corrected to 10 October 1900 (was 16 October, from the index); originals now cited for Hermina (1903), Mózes Arje (1906) and Debora Fanni (1908). — Sighet civil births 1900 act 570, 1903 act 381, 1906 act 91, 1908 act 714 (original page images) · grades unchanged
Samuel Pacht’s 1919 and Mendel Pacht’s 1923 marriage originals read into their cards (11 Aug 1919; 9 Dec 1923, with Etel Preschel’s mother). — Czernowitz civil marriages 1919 entry 195, 1923 act 330 · grades unchanged
Zeidi’s “Heros” firm: the original Gazette pages of 1942–44 replace the note that the pages had not been seen. — The Palestine Gazette Nos. 1236, 1255, 1358 (file no. 4617) · Likely, unchanged
Egyenlőség 1895 article on the Freund brothers and a sale catalogue’s photographs of Avnei Tzedek signatures now have their own gallery/source entries; identities and attribution stay open. — Egyenlőség 8 Mar 1895 p. 8; a Jerusalem book dealer’s sale 262 lot 283 · Possible / unverified
Date bounds kept everywhere: a date given as “before”, “about”, “after” or “buried” now shows as bef./c./aft./bur. in lists, tree, timeline, search and the downloadable charts (e.g. Freide Reiner d. bef. 1939, Gitel Buller d. bef. 1877). — site display fix
Chava Glück’s card: one consistent account, with the 1903 civil marriage and the June 1902 account set side by side as an open question. — no change of grade or link

26 October 2026 · 26 Oct 2026: seven more names in the ancestral lines — R’ Yosef Charif’s household, Rochel’s sister, and the spouses of Reb Chaim’s brother and sisters

Sprincza (Shprintza) Weisz née Lichtig, R’ Yosef Charif’s elder daughter and Leitza’s sister, and her husband Jakab Weisz, both in the 1848 census of Zboró. — 1848 census of Zboró, household 195 (JewishGen Hungary database) · Amudei Esh (Munkács 1939), introduction p. 11 · Likely
Pesa Perl, R’ Yosef Charif’s wife in 1848 (a later wife, not Leitza’s mother). — 1848 census of Zboró, household 226 (JewishGen Hungary database) · Likely
Gitlya (Gitel) Seltenreich, b. about 1836, sister of Babi’s great-grandmother Rochel. — 1848 census of Zboró, household 215 (JewishGen Hungary database) · Likely
R’ Yaakov Yehuda HaKohen (Jakob Juda Leib) Glück, husband of Reb Chaim’s sister Fradel (married Sighet, 20 Mar 1874); now shown as the father of their eight children already in the tree. — Máramarossziget Jewish marriages 1874, deaths 1893 and 1906 (JewishGen Máramaros index) · Gedulat Yehoshua vol. 2, p. 114 · Confirmed
Salamon (Shalom) Stein of Kuty, husband of Reb Chaim’s sister Rifke (married Sighet, 31 Dec 1882). — Máramarossziget Jewish marriages, register book 283, 1882, entry 21-27 (JewishGen Máramaros index) · Likely
Ruchel Lea Preiz of Sátoraljaújhely, first wife of Reb Chaim’s brother R’ Rafael (married Sighet, 5 Apr 1881). — Máramarossziget Jewish marriages, register book 283, 1881 (JewishGen Máramaros index) · Kuntres Shemen LaMaor, p. כג · Likely
Chana Malka Freund née Katz: her civil death entry, 1 Aug 1886, aged 54 (so born about 1832), added to her card. A birth entry for a “Hosie” Friend (1854), son of Mozes, is on the pending page. — Máramarossziget Jewish deaths, register book 291, 1886, 08-64; births, register book 272, 4-20 (JewishGen Máramaros index) · Likely / Possible

26 October 2026 · 26 Oct 2026: Uncle Sol, the Wentorf DP card, the Freund firms

“Uncle Sol” is now Papi’s brother Joseph Solomon (Salo) Rosner, not Samuel Pacht; his wife Tante Hedy added (name and relation only); their 1948 marriage and 619 Montgomery Street; the top of his naturalization petition in the gallery. — 1950 US census; US petition for naturalization no. 547160; family booklet; Babi’s 2023 interview · Likely
Babi’s DP card: Wentorf, 20 Jul 1950; left via Bremen-Grohn, 29 Aug 1950 (Babi recalled Bergen-Belsen). — Arolsen Archives, DocID 67083498 · Confirmed
Freund Chaim Fiai (1898, Temesvár branch, Mautner depot, factory 1934) and Fiii lui Freund Chaim S.A. (1930–45) on Sender’s and Reb Chaim’s cards; the 1926 vs 1933 date of Textila Ardeleană as a conflict. — Erdélyi monográfia; Romanian National Archives, Satu Mare · Confirmed
Shimon Weiss: his sefer Tamar Yifrach, his father R’ Kalonymus, d. Aug 2007. — book listings; a 2007 news notice; the family book · Likely
The Kirhazer Rov identified as R’ Yoel Teitelbaum of Királyháza; Aranka Braun and her son David (Dudu); Pilu’s wife Alice. — 1950 US census; family booklet; Babi’s interviews · Likely/Confirmed

26 October 2026 · 26 Oct 2026: Babi’s own story, from her 2020 and 2023 interviews

Babi’s card: her brothers in birth order; her arrest in May 1944; the attic in the Satmar ghetto with her cousins Malka and Shimon Weiss; prisons at Satmar, Cluj and Budapest; the three Nagy brothers who hid her in Budapest; liberation and the road home in February 1945; school, Switzerland and the DP camp; her first job on Canal Street, “Uncle Sol” (Papi’s brother Salo), the engagement at the Planetarium and the Satmar Rebbe at the wedding in September 1951. — Babi’s interviews, summer 2020 and 2023 (family recordings) · Likely
Her father Sender: his way out of the Oradea ghetto to Ruchi Rosenberg in Temesvár; his two factories (textile and knitwear, over 200 workers); the Mautner firm in Prague; his place in the community after the war. — Babi’s 2023 and summer 2020 interviews · Likely
Her mother Chana, her brothers Pilu and Shiga, Ruchi (Nachman’s wife), Etta and Abba Mermelstein, her uncle József Braun and his family, and Papi: new lines from Babi’s account. Shimon Weiss, husband of her cousin Malka, added to the tree. — Babi’s interviews, summer 2020 and 2023 · Likely
Where Babi’s memory differs from the records (Pilu’s age, Shiga in 1944 and his wedding, the DP camp, her grandfather Nachman Braun’s living, which aunts survived), her words are noted on the card beside the record; nothing was overwritten. — —
“In Babi’s words”: twelve short passages on the interviews page; tap one to hear it. — Babi’s interviews, summer 2020 and 2023
Ten events added to the year-by-year timeline. — Babi’s interviews, summer 2020 and 2023 · Likely

26 October 2026 · 26 Oct 2026: more of Babi’s recordings

Babi’s interviews page now holds three recordings, newest first, each to play or download, with a list of family passages to jump to: a 2023 interview recorded on the family trip to Satu Mare (about 2 h 8 min), a family interview from summer 2020 (about 2 h 12 min) and the 2016 oral history interview (about 2 h 50 min). — Babi’s interviews: 2023, 2020 and 2016

25 October 2026 · 25 Oct 2026: the site becomes a family book; Kroli line checked in print

Tzipora, wife of R’ Eliezer and mother of R’ Itzik of Pápa, back on the tree as Likely (name only; the Miskolc parentage is not used). — Lechem Shlomo YD (1938) p. 476 · Alei Zikaron 22 p. ז · Likely
Three sons of R’ Yehoshua of Kroli added with their death dates: R’ Yosef Shmuel, R’ Avraham Yaakov, R’ Yitzchak. — Seder Megillat Yuchasin pp. עד–עה · Emunat Chaim no. 24 · Likely
Yutel’s date settled as 27 Av 5586 (30 Aug 1826) from the printed transcription of her Kroli stone. — Seder Megillat Yuchasin p. עד · Confirmed
R’ Yisrael Freund dated as Rav of Radna in 5672 (1911/12); objects of Reb Chaim and of R’ Moshe Aryeh (the later) added as sources, with their photographs credited to the holders. — Sale catalogues 2015–2024 · Confirmed
New look: a cover, a table of contents and a chapter for each line, a Remembrance chapter, tree views (interactive, one-page chart, printable posters), annotated photographs, and Yahrzeits with its own place in the main menu. — —

25 October 2026 · 25 Oct 2026: round-four outside report checked against the pages and the Sighet register

R’ Yosef Moshe Dachner is the Naszód Rav’s son-in-law (“chatan rabbeinu”), so R’ Moshe Aryeh’s grandson-in-law; died in the Holocaust (date and place not known). — Gedulat Yehoshua vol. 2 p. 120, letter 15 · Sefer Marmarosh p. 128 · Confirmed
Chana Malka: her stone’s wording (Menachem Av 5646) and the exact register entries 411 and 410 added; the register’s “Moshe” in the father’s column noted in the conflicts list. — Sighet burial register (sighet.org), PAGE40 no. 411, PAGE34 no. 410 · her stone (photo found on sighet.org) · Likely
Bobbe Hinda: the 1865 Sighet burial (“Hinda, father Gershon”, no. 2915, block 3 row 2 grave 50) is now Possible only — no surname, and not beside the Katz-Rapoport graves (Mordechai, d. 5562 = 1801/02, no. 3040; Mancia, d. 5603 = 1842/43, no. 3069). Years corrected on R’ Gershon’s card. — Sighet burial register (sighet.org), PAGE18, PAGE30, PAGE28 · Possible
R’ Binyamin HaKohen Rapoport (family-tradition note on R’ Simcha’s card): 21 Kislev 5531 is his own date; maggid of Brzezany per Da’at Kedoshim (Kalisz in a modern biography); his father R’ Simcha died 7 Av 5477/78 at Szczebrzeszyn. Added as an inference: his brother R’ Gershon HaKohen Rapoport, Av Beit Din of Mainz (d. 1768); and, Possible, a Gershon Katz son of Simcha Yisrael (d. 1853/54, Sighet no. 2205). Tree unchanged. — Da’at Kedoshim (1897) pp. 153, 155, 156 · Sighet burial register PAGE16
Nachman Braun: his date and father’s name traced to his stone (photo in the family booklet); the Kisvárda burial list’s undated “R’ Nachman” added to the conflicts list. — family booklet (stone photo) · KehilaLinks Kisvárda burial list p. 11
R’ Yitzchak (Izsák) Freund: died Nisan 5692 (read as 6 Nisan = 12 Apr 1932; the day on the stone is worn); register entries 329 and 328 (his wife Shasha, “in her 74th year”). — Sighet burial register PAGE24, PAGE38 · stones
R’ Avraham Yehoshua: Sefer Marmarosh’s 1850 birth added as a conflict (1855 kept); Rav of Interdam, Radna (“Ragne”) and Naszód. Rebbetzin Fradel’s father R’ Mordechai Yehuda Löw, Av Beit Din of Interdam — Confirmed. — Sefer Marmarosh pp. 33–34, 128 · Gedulat Yehoshua vol. 2 pp. 89, 92 · her stone
R’ Moshe Aryeh: one sentence naming his four daughters and their husbands. — Sefer Marmarosh p. 23 · records on the cards
Tzipora, R’ Eliezer Krob’s wife, moved off the tree to a note (Possible: only in a later published chain). R’ Yehoshua of Kroli’s birth year 5527 and parents cited to Alei Zikaron 22. — Alei Zikaron 1, 2 and 22
Three booklet photos identified by the family: Babi with her siblings; Babi with her mother Chana and her siblings; Babi with her brother, Uncle Sziga (Yehoshua Freund). — the family · A Tribute to the Freund Family (family booklet), online
R’ Moshe Aryeh: his father R’ Yoshe of Kroli cited in print (Gedulat Yehoshua vol. 2 p. 106); the burial-society list (Sefer Marmarosh p. 19) gives his years as head, 5658–5662, and his death, 17 Adar 5662. A Reb Moshe Katz sent from Sighet to Ujhely in 1834 noted as possibly Fayga’s husband (Possible, note only). — Gedulat Yehoshua vol. 2 p. 106 · Sefer Marmarosh p. 19 and Sziget chapter

24 October 2026 · 24 Oct 2026, Shabbos night: four births read in the originals; Possibles moved to the leads

Sámuel Braun and Hani Heimlich’s marriage (Kisvárda, 1 Jan 1884) read in the original register: entry no. 1 names the same couple and parents, he 28 and she 23, as the index had it. — Kisvárda Jewish marriages 1884 no. 1, FHL film 642904 (DGS 4134122, image 303; FamilySearch image 3:1:3QS7-L9PH-32GS) · Confirmed (unchanged)
Regina, Shimon and Matild Braun raised to Confirmed: their birth entries (Kisvárda 1884 no. 35, 1886 no. 17, 1887 no. 49) name Samuel Braun and Hani Heimlich. — Kisvárda Jewish register of births, FHL film 642904 (FamilySearch images 3:1:3QS7-L9PH-325B, -32JC, -32F2) · Confirmed
Moses Kaufman raised to Confirmed: his birth entry (Homonna district 1877 no. 62) names Ignatz Kaufman and Hani Szakmary. — Homonna-district Jewish births, FamilySearch image 3:1:S3HY-68TH-J6H · Confirmed
Seven Possible people moved off the tree to the open leads (Rachel, Leni, Shimon, Izrael, Juli Kaufman; Rosie Braun; Rivka Pacht bat Mordechai Dov). — rule: a person goes on the tree only when records prove every link

23 October 2026 · 23 Oct 2026, Shabbos night: R’ Tuvia Gedalia of Kroli and Yachet confirmed

R’ Tuvia Gedalia Freund of Kroli raised to Confirmed as the son of R’ Yehoshua of Kroli: his own stone and his daughter Jetl’s stone both name his father. — gravestones, Mount of Olives and Satu Mare plot 06 02 09 · Confirmed
Rebbetzin Yachet Freund raised to Confirmed: the Mount of Olives burial register (grave card 64823) and her son’s Satu Mare death entry agree. — Mount of Olives burial register, card 64823 · Satu Mare register, plot 06 01 07 · Confirmed
Yechezkel Shraga’s stone read again: the date looks like 20 Sivan 5675 (1915), against the civil register’s 1 May 1918 — both kept. — szatmar.us plot 06 02 03 · conflict kept
New lead: a Mendel Rosner on a 1941 Văscăuţi list (no age, no parents). — RG-31.004M reel 11 · Possible

23 October 2026 · 23 Oct 2026, evening: Malka Buller confirmed, her brothers and sisters, a Kaufman son in New York, and new leads

Malka Steigman née Buller (Papi’s great-grandmother) now Confirmed: died 9 Oct 1891 at Rădăuți aged 48, born at Seletin, buried 11 Oct; named as Scheine Ruchel’s mother in the 1896 Dorna Watra marriage. — JOWBR Rădăuți J_BUCOVINA_0023800 · Bukovina marriages index · Confirmed
Three of Malka’s brothers and sisters added from their Rădăuți stones: Feige Rudich (c.1844–1903, “daughter of Shlomo Leib”), Hersch Tzvi Dov (c.1847–1920) and Asher Antshil (c.1850–1901), both “son of Shlomo Yehuda”. — JOWBR Rădăuți · Likely (as Malka’s siblings)
Little Gitel Steigman (1881–83): her grave entry in the Rădăuți register confirms her death and names her father Motel, “from Schipot”. — JOWBR Rădăuți J_BUCOVINA_0021634 · Confirmed
New leads (not in the tree): Rivka Rosner bat Menachem Mendel (d. 1920, Vășcăuți) as a possible mother of Mordko Rosner, with her stone photo; a possible Katz-Rapoport ascent in the old Sighet cemetery above R’ Moshe HaKohen; Shimon Buller; Resel Pachte of Câmpulung. — JOWBR · Possible
Noted: the 1925 Vășcăuți civil marriage of Mordko Rosner and Freide Reiner is cited from a register margin note; the original page has not yet been seen. — Waschkoutz births register, 1927 margin note
Feige Rudich née Buller confirmed as a daughter of Schloime Leib and Gitel Buller of Wiznitz: her 30 Apr 1877 Rădăuți marriage to Samuel Rudich names them. — Bukovina marriages index · JOWBR Rădăuți · Confirmed
Mottel Steigman regraded Confirmed: five separate records name him as father or grandfather. — Bukovina vital records index · Confirmed
A son of Ignácz Kaufman and Hani Szakmári in New York: Adolf Kaufman married there in 1885, and the record names his mother “Szakmary”. He is Likely the Salamon Abraham of the 1869 census (raised from Possible). — New York City marriage records · Likely
Babi’s Stern great-grandaunts and uncles: Moses Stern’s daughter Anna Rappaport (d. Kurima 1897), Susanna Lezer’s husband Alter (d. 1899) and daughter Johanna Gizella (m. 1896). — Slovak civil records · Confirmed
Szender Seltenreich already a taxpayer at Zboró in the 1828 census (“Alex Seltenreich”). — 1828 property tax census · Likely
New leads: the Szakmári family of Legenyemihályi (Farkas, d. 1918, and Katti) as possible siblings of Hani; Albert Kaufman of New York; Volf Kaufman of Varannó (1828); the sons of Izsák Stern of Kurima. — Possible
More leads: Basie Pacht of Șipotele (Schipot), Itzig Litmann Steigmann’s family (Rădăuți and Chernivtsi stones), a Mózes Stern of Sztropkó who died in Jerusalem in 1910; a stale lead about R’ Yisrael Freund of Hunyad updated (he is in the tree). — Bukovina births index · JOWBR · Slovak civil deaths · Possible

23 October 2026 · 23 Oct 2026, late afternoon: the Katz line, the Sighet graves, the Buller parents and the Pacht graves

Reb Chaim’s mother Chane Malke née Katz found in the Sighet burial register: died 5646, block 1, row 7, grave 6, beside her daughter Fradel; day Rosh Chodesh Av 5646 (2 Aug 1886). — Sighet burial register, entry 411 · Confirmed (grave, year) · Likely (day)
New generation on the Katz line: her father, R’ Moshe HaKohen of Sighet. A Katz-Rapoport family name is noted as Possible. — Sighet burial register · family book · yahrzeit booklet · Likely
Burials added for Fradel (Glick) Freund, Sighet block 1 row 7 grave 5 (Likely), and for R’ Moshe Aryeh, in the ohel, block 1 row 4 (Confirmed). — Sighet burial register, entries 410 and 228
New generation on the Buller line: Malka Steigman’s parents Shlomo Yehuda (Schloime Leib) and Gitel Buller of Wiznitz. — Rădăuți marriages 1877 and 1881 · Buller stones · Likely
New: Mordechai Markus Pacht (d. Tel Aviv 1956), son of Shmuel Yitzchak and Chana — a brother or half-brother of Israel Pacht (1902–83). — Tel Aviv burial register · Likely
R’ Yosef Charif’s later wife Pesa Perl (1848 Zboró census); the Pápa burial history behind the Tevel tradition; R’ Avraham Yehoshua of Naszód’s tombstone catalogue reference moved onto his card. — 1848 census · Memorial Book of Pápa Jewry · Center for Jewish Art
Details from eight earlier corrections that had not been showing now appear on the cards of Fradel, Izsák and Rifke Freund, Lea Kaufman and Hani Szakmári. — site fix
Leads page: candidates for R’ Moshe HaKohen, the Bullers of Waszkoutz, the Pnei Yehoshua tradition, R’ Zelig of Pápa and the other Pacht graves; a stale item about the Naszód Rav removed. — leads · Possible

23 October 2026 · 23 Oct 2026, afternoon: Israel State Archives files, Tel Aviv voters lists and a 1969 memorial list

Photographs of Babi’s uncle Yosef (Joseph) Freund and his wife Rose (Reitza Rechel) née Teitelbaum, from his 1948 Palestinian certificate of naturalization (no. 52890), added to the gallery and their cards. Rose’s birth, 17 Dec 1897 at Sátoraljaújhely, added. — Israel State Archives, file מ-3306/139 · Likely
Yosef’s file gives the same birth date as the Kurima entry, 28 Nov 1895, but the place as Szatmárnémeti; both kept. — Israel State Archives, file מ-3306/139 · conflict
Zeidi and Chaya Rosner found side by side on the 1944 Knesset Israel and 1947 Tel Aviv municipal voters lists; the 1944 list calls her “Chaya daughter of Yaakov”. — IGRA voters lists 1944 and 1947 (index) · Likely
Dina, wife of Babi’s uncle Yitzchak, raised to Confirmed for her marriage and her father Azriel; her son R’ Shmuel raised to Confirmed from his own 1969 memorial entry naming his parents and siblings. — Et La’asot (Brooklyn 1969), p. 669 · memorial records · Confirmed
New: Yekutiel Yehuda Freund, son of Yitzchak (Izsák) of Sighet and grandson of R’ Moshe Aryeh (d. 1 Jun 1944), and his wife Yachet (d. Dec 1934). — Et La’asot (Brooklyn 1969), memorial list · Likely
Chana Rachel Freund: her husband Yitzchak Aizik son of Avraham and their two children added to her card; date of death 1 Jun 1944. — memorial records · Confirmed
Citation corrected: the Et La’asot memorial page is 669, not 469. — Et La’asot (Brooklyn 1969)

23 October 2026 · 23 Oct 2026: the Kroli line pushed up, and the family’s research bundle

R’ Yehoshua of Kroli raised to Confirmed: his Carei gravestone reads “son of R’ Itzik”. His father, R’ Yitzchak (Itzik) Krob son of R’ Eliezer, of Pápa, is now Confirmed (the stone, the 1770 Veszprém estate papers and R’ Moshe Aryeh’s own yahrzeit list); the old “Rav of Pápa” wording is corrected (a Tevel tradition is Possible). — Carei gravestone · Veszprém papers 1770 · Alei Zikaron 1–2 · Confirmed / Likely / Possible
Four generations added above him: his mother Leah, daughter of R’ Shlomo Zalman (d. 6 Iyar 5527, original stone at Pápa), R’ Shlomo Zalman Tschasser of Veszprém (d. 1770) and his father R’ Yaakov, R’ Eliezer and Tzipora. — Pápa old cemetery, plot 2/19/8 · Veszprém papers 1770 · Confirmed (Tzipora Likely)
R’ Moshe Aryeh’s mother: Yutel, daughter of R’ Refael of Pápa, his father’s second wife (Likely); the Oestreicher daughter was the first wife and bore five daughters. The Pnei Yehoshua naming tradition stays Possible. — Emunat Chaim no. 24 · Gedulat Yehoshua · Likely / Possible
Sender was still president of the Satmar Orthodox community in April 1944 (Confirmed); c. 1928–29 deputy council head for the Hasidim (Likely). Yosef’s house lay inside the 1944 ghetto (Likely). New photos: the Kroli and Pápa stones, the 1944 return, Csaholc today. — April 1944 community return (MILEV) · Keren-Kratz, HaKanai · Satmar memorial book
Babi’s 1949 application to the refugee organisation in Switzerland (three pages, with her signature and Institut Ascher address) and its attestation that she was eligible for help, 25 May 1949, added to the gallery. — Arolsen Archives, IRO file, documents 80975034, 80975037 · Confirmed
Gravestones of Tuvia Gedalia Freund’s two sons, Zvi (Herman), d. 1944, and Baruch (Béla), d. 1947, in Satu Mare, shown as details with their names. — Satu Mare Jewish cemetery database (photography A. C. Huzau), plots 12/10/22 and 6/2/4 · Confirmed
Babi’s residence: the 1949 form gives Satu Mare until January 1947; her own account says early 1948. Both kept. — Arolsen Archives, document 80975034

23 October 2026 · 23 Oct 2026: Papi and Babi, round 2

Zeidi’s 1942 partnership: file number corrected from 4616 to 4617, start date 1 Mar 1942 added, Gazette page added to the gallery; later notices (1942–44) added as Likely. — The Palestine Gazette No. 1198, 4 Jun 1942 (Israel State Archives, file M-7150/4) · Confirmed / Likely
Babi: her Swiss police file of 1948–49 (catalogue entry) and five passages from her 2016 interview. — Swiss Federal Archives, E4264#1988/2#30998* · oral-history interview, 2016 · Confirmed
Pending: the first name of her rescuer in Buda (“Mr Nagy”), more interview lines to check, and a second Swiss file for an Eva Engel. — Possible

23 October 2026 · 23 Oct 2026: the Pacht line, round 2

Rivka Pacht split into two women: Albert’s wife Rivka bat Yosef (d. 1986, Confirmed) and Rivka bat Mordechai Dov (d. 1976, new card, Possible daughter of Mordechai Berl). — Tel Aviv–Jaffa burial society register, records A904F7C2, 075E9C3B · Confirmed / Possible
Albert Pacht raised from Likely to Confirmed as Jacob’s son, from his stone; plots and Hebrew names added for Albert, Rivka, Samuel, Mendel and Chaya Tzirel. — Tel Aviv–Jaffa burial society register, records 1496E637, 5EF08875, 684F8C61, A1DB5D47 · Confirmed
New people: Chaim Dov Perschel and his daughter Sprintza Kugler (Confirmed); Yisrael Pacht 1902–1983, son of Shmuel Yitzchak (Likely). — Tel Aviv–Jaffa burial society register, records 0F1879AB, 7C23F008 · Confirmed / Likely
Dr Max Pacht: the 1935 Kfar Vitkin stay from a published biography (Hebrew); arrival year added to the conflicts list. — a published biography (Hebrew) · Likely
Pending: Binyamin (Benno) Pacht, Sara Litman, Irma Pacht. — outside research report, partly checked · Possible

23 October 2026 · 23 Oct 2026: the Braun line, round 2

Géza Braun: Mauthausen prisoner no. 73364, admitted 13 Jun 1944, died 18 Jan 1945 at the Melk subcamp; the death notice and file cover added to the gallery. — Arolsen Archives, 1.1.26.3 (documents 1374720, 1374721) · Confirmed
New person: Anna Herbst, daughter of Babi’s aunt Ilona (name and relation only). — a memorial record (item 5271009) · Confirmed
Hermann Herbst raised from Likely to Confirmed: birth year and town, mother’s name, survival in 1945 (registration card added); his trade and probable parents added. — memorial records (items 5271007, 7348483, 5270982, 5270983) · a Hungarian journal (2021) · Confirmed / Likely
Géza, Sándor and Jolán: last home Csaholc from their 1948 death-declaration cards; conflicts on Géza’s death and Jolán’s birth updated (still open for Jolán). — memorial records (items 6509676, 6542238, 6573125) · Confirmed

23 October 2026 · 23 Oct 2026: new ways into the archive — gallery, documents, map, memorial, relationship finder, search

Home page redesigned around Papi and Babi’s wedding photograph (family collection), with a short family story and links to every part of the archive. — Site design only; no facts changed
Gallery: search, and filters by family line, generation, decade, place and person; full-screen zoom; names in captions link to the person; a “Suggest an identification” link on every photo (suggestions are reviewed, never applied automatically). — All 84 images, captions and credits unchanged
Documents: the record images already on the site in one archive — each labelled original record or secondary copy, with its citation, the people and places it names, and quoted words only where the research quoted them. — No new transcriptions or translations
Ancestral map: the towns in the family’s records under their historical names, pinned at the modern town (coordinates from Wikidata); each place lists what the records say happened there. Regions such as Transnistria are listed, not pinned. — Wikidata, looked up 23 Oct 2026
In memory: those who perished, and those the records show survived — name, relation, date and place, and source. — From the existing person records
Relationship finder and a site-wide search (Hebrew and Yiddish names, maiden names, other spellings and old town names). — Computed from the tree as it stands

23 October 2026 · 23 Oct 2026 (later): the 1848 Zboró census, Reb Chaim’s birth entry, Shulchan HaEzer and the Mount of Olives cards

Tree: Reb Chaim’s mother Chane Malke (Katz) linked from his 1863 Sighet birth entry; his brother Joszef (Smil) Freund, b. 12 Oct 1865 (Likely); R’ Rephael Freund’s grave card (d. 7 Jun 1942) added to his card. — Máramarossziget Jewish births, book 271 · Mount of Olives grave card 46514
Tree: Jetti (Gitsel), wife of R’ Yehoshua of Kroli and mother of R’ Moshe Aryeh (Confirmed, name only); two published chains for her kept side by side on the pending page (both Possible) — settled later the same day, see above. — Kisvárda marriages 1887 · Sighet deaths 1902, act 133 · published genealogies
Tree: Leitza’s card now lists her name forms Ratza, Lacza and Lina, her birth c.1806 and a third source (Shulchan HaEzer vol. 2). Sender Seltenreich b. c.1804, Malczó, merchant. New: Rochel’s sister Jehides Landau (d. 1904), her brother R’ Hersh Leib and his son R’ Yosef (moved from the pending page), and R’ Yaakov of Wolbrom, R’ Yosef Charif’s brother (Likely). The tree still stops at R’ Tzvi Hirsch. — 1848 census of Zboró · Zborov deaths 1904 no. 112 · Shulchan HaEzer vol. 2, note (א) · Klilat Yofi vol. 1 p. 60
Tree: Malka Buller born at Seletin. — Rădăuți cemetery register
Pending: the rabbi “Lichtig Joseph, 72” of the 1848 census as R’ Yosef Charif (Likely); Sprincza Lichtig, wife of Jakab Veisz (Likely); Rochel’s other siblings; the Buller parents of Wiznitz (Likely); the two chains for Jetti; Sender’s Lebowitz family and great-grandsons; Yacht, wife of R’ Tuvia Gedalia of Karol (Possible); Shmuel Stern’s burial still open (card 70931 ruled out); Toba Lichtig; David Seltenreich of Bardejov; R’ Yisrael Freund’s wife Sarah (Possible); Satu Mare memorial book p. 136. The Taz-gap entry now carries the Shem MiShimon and Klilat Yofi readings and a 2019 article on the Verecke grave (lead only). — pending page, 23 Oct 2026
Conflicts: Zali Reinitz’s father (Samuel in an index vs Yehoshua Baruch in print); Hersko (4 in 1848) vs R’ Hersh Leib; 1894 added to the Ga’avad’s birth years. Open leads: Kaufman, Pacht, Rosner, Reiner and a Freund grave card; Shem MiShimon and Klilat Yofi leads closed. — this site’s data, 23 Oct 2026

23 October 2026 · 23 Oct 2026: verified Braun, Rosner and Charif finds; aunt Esther’s son settled; three generations added above Rochel Seltenreich

Aunt Esther’s son — RESOLVED: Babi remembered aunt Esther’s son as Nachman. The memorial records name Esther’s children Tzvi (6) and Feiga (8). Nachman (6) was aunt Jolán’s son (item 8206343), and Jolán also had a Feiga of about 8. The two families merged in memory. Tree unchanged. Esther’s death added: 27 May 1944, Auschwitz (items 403999, 8714481). — Memorial records (items as cited) · this site’s data, 23 Oct 2026
Braun line: Géza d. 18 Jan 1945, Mauthausen (Confirmed; the family’s “Auschwitz, 1944” kept as a note). Ilona is Mrs Hermann Herbst of Hajdúnánás (Confirmed); Hermann Herbst added as her husband (Likely). Sándor’s wife Ilonka née Guttman (Confirmed) and his death, 27 May 1944, Auschwitz (Likely). Bella Rivka’s surviving son Martin Kohn added, name and relation only. Jolán’s birth now 1911 (Likely; 1916 kept as a conflict). New conflict: where Bella’s children died. Anna Herbst on pending, name only. — Memorial records (items as cited) · this site’s data, 23 Oct 2026
Rosner side: Gitel (Tova) Popelniker née Stieber survived — she is no longer listed as a victim (name and relation only). Mordko: a farmer, widower and father of six, b. about 1869 (Likely). Breina: both death places kept. Mendel: one child. Yaakov Stieber died at Murafa. Yankele stays aged 7. — Memorial records (items as cited) · this site’s data, 23 Oct 2026
Charif line, three generations added above Rochel Seltenreich: her mother Leitza (Ratza) née Lichtig (Confirmed; Leitza = Ratza Likely); Leitza’s father R’ Yosef (Charif) Lichtig, Av Beit Din of Zborov (Confirmed as her father on a published family genealogy, Munkács 1939, p. 11, and Rochel’s stone); and his father R’ Tzvi Hirsch (Hirschele) HaLevi Leitzes, Av Beit Din of Dąbrowa, d. 13 Tishrei 5564 = 29 Sep 1803 (Likely; 5563 kept as a conflict). The tree stops there; the descent from the Taz stays on the pending page as family tradition. Chaya Freund’s renewed stone wording added. Pending updated: Sender Freund’s stone (what it says: Confirmed), the title-page descent formula, and “the 1939 book does not name Avraham”. Chains A, B, C and S stay separate. — Amudei Esh le-Beit Yosef (Munkács 1939), introduction pp. 9 and 11 and title page · Rochel’s gravestone (Mount of Olives, card 74985) · Satu Mare Orthodox cemetery database (plots 4/10/3 and 15/7/4)
Pending and open leads, Charif/Taz: Chain S (the Taz married the Bach’s daughter, so “Bach and Taz” can be one line; neither book names R’ Shimon’s father or grandfather) and a summary of the Taz descent merged into the existing entries; seven next-step leads added. — This site’s data, 23 Oct 2026

23 October 2026 · 23 Oct 2026: the family book’s trees begin with Papi and Babi’s daughters; new names from Babi’s oral history

Aunt Eszter (Esther) Fischer’s son: the tree has Tzvi; Babi’s interview and the family’s word say Nachman, but memorial records name a Nakhman as the son of David Brach and Jolán Braun. Listed as an unresolved conflict; the tree is unchanged. — This site’s data, 23 Oct 2026 · Oral history interview with Chaya Rosner, interviewer Brad Zarlin, 2016, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, RG-90.063.1890 (second, sharper reading)
Open leads (not in the tree): Babi’s brother Shmuel (Pilu), b. 14 Jan 1926, Satu Mare, from his displaced-persons card (Arolsen Archives, DocID 67083783; to the USA, November 1951) — Likely. — This site’s data, 23 Oct 2026 · Oral history interview with Chaya Rosner, interviewer Brad Zarlin, 2016, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, RG-90.063.1890 (second, sharper reading)
Open leads: Babi was hidden in Budapest by two Nagy brothers — first Feri (Ferenc) Nagy in Buda, October–November 1944 (first name Possible), then his brother, a former worker in the Freund factory, until liberation. This replaces the earlier single “Mr Nagy”. — This site’s data, 23 Oct 2026 · Oral history interview with Chaya Rosner, interviewer Brad Zarlin, 2016, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, RG-90.063.1890 (second, sharper reading)
Open leads, all Possible: aunt Rivka Kohn’s one surviving son (Motze/Mordechai or Moshe); uncle Shia of Nyíregyháza’s son Shmuel (five of his eight children survived); cousin Malka Weiss’s husband Shimon and his brother Dovid; a cousin Mermelstein; aunt Chaya’s husband Hershel; R’ Tuvia’s wife given as “Chana Malka”. — This site’s data, 23 Oct 2026 · Oral history interview with Chaya Rosner, interviewer Brad Zarlin, 2016, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, RG-90.063.1890 (second, sharper reading)
Babi’s life after 1950: Hewes Street, Williamsburg (after Penn Street); her first job on Canal Street, 1950–51; the São Paulo hosiery firm “Rensor” (Rosner backwards); the family’s Satu Mare underwear factory, “Trikora”. — This site’s data, 23 Oct 2026 · Oral history interview with Chaya Rosner, interviewer Brad Zarlin, 2016, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, RG-90.063.1890 (second, sharper reading)
Two new conflicts, both kept side by side: Rivka Kohn’s husband (“Lizer” in her account, Lipa in the tree; the tree is kept); and her brother Shia in 1944 (smuggled to Romania in August 1944 to stay with their father, against hiding with the Handler family — perhaps both, in turn). — This site’s data, 23 Oct 2026 · Oral history interview with Chaya Rosner, interviewer Brad Zarlin, 2016, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, RG-90.063.1890 (second, sharper reading)
The family book (now 164 pages): the cover carries only the title and Papi and Babi’s Hebrew line. The family trees now begin with Papi and Babi’s five daughters, named only, as the first row under Papi and Babi, with each line traced upward from there; no later generation appears. The book also carries this update’s open leads. — This site’s data, 23 Oct 2026

23 October 2026 · 23 Oct 2026: the family book presented by Papi and Babi’s daughters; Rochel’s gravestone re-read

The family book (now 162 pages) carries on its cover, under Papi and Babi’s Hebrew line, “Presented by their daughters”, and names Papi and Babi’s five daughters once more under Papi and Babi. No later generation appears anywhere in the book; the website itself is unchanged in this respect. — This site’s data, 23 Oct 2026
Rochel (Rosi) Stern née Seltenreich, Babi’s great-grandmother: her gravestone and the Mount of Olives grave database both give 26 Adar 5677 = 20 Mar 1917, Jerusalem (Perushim plot, Middle Block 2, section ג, row 8, grave 32). The earlier reading 5676 = 1916 was a misreading of a low-resolution photograph, so the date conflict is removed. The stone’s inscription is now quoted word for word on the Open leads page. Confirmed. — Mount of Olives grave database, grave card 74985
Open leads: Zborov (not Zbaraż) settled as R’ Yosef Charif’s town by the 1853 Zboró register (“Rabbiner Josef Lichtig”), Zbaraż kept as a variant; R’ Tzvi Hirsch’s death year (5563 or 5564) left open; a Mount of Olives grave of “Shmuel Heizel son of R’ Aryeh Leib Stern” (1916) added as a conflict with the 1858 record that names Shmuel Stern’s father Anshel (Possible at most); and a new, separate entry, Chain S: R’ Shimon Stern HaLevi of Dąbrowa. No grade was raised and nothing was merged into the tree. — Bardejov-district Jewish marriage registers 1853 and 1858 · Mount of Olives grave database, cards 74985 and 70931 · Amudei Esh le-Beit Yosef (1939) p. 8 · Shem MiShimon, title page

23 October 2026 · 23 Oct 2026: the family book added to the Library

The Rosner & Freund Families, the family book (159 pages, PDF), now in the Library. It is drawn from this site’s records as they stand today: every person in the tree with the records behind them, the photographs and documents, the timeline, the dates the records disagree on, a family tree for each line, and the open leads kept apart in their own appendix — none of them on a tree. — This site’s data, 23 Oct 2026

23 October 2026 · 23 Oct 2026: the Pacht and Steigman line — Anna’s brothers’ Palestine files

Dr Max (Marcus) Pacht, Anna’s brother: his 1938 Palestine citizenship file gives the same birth date and place as his birth entry (30 Oct 1908, Vatra Dornei), physician at the Central Hospital, Afula, unmarried, naturalized 7 Nov 1938. His photo from the file added. Confirmed. — Israel State Archives, file M-6177/49, pp. 9, 11, 13
Samuel (Shmuel) Pacht, Anna’s brother: his 1943 naturalization file gives his exact birth (7 Feb 1893, Sadău), a clerk at 43 King George Avenue, Jerusalem, passport of 25 Apr 1939, arrival 14 Dec 1939, and his wife Chaje Cirl née Korn (b. 9 Nov 1889, Dabki) — the bride of his 1919 marriage. His photo and his wife’s added (checked by eye: p. 18 is the man, p. 17 the woman), with his application page. Confirmed. — Israel State Archives, file M-6985/24, pp. 3, 11, 17, 18
Chaje Cirl née Korn and Chaya née Perschel, Samuel’s wife: Likely one woman (same name; still his wife in 1943). Kept in the conflicts list. — Israel State Archives, file M-6985/24 · Maariv and Haaretz, 11 Aug 1968
Mala (Mella) Pacht-Horowitz: a 1943 file for “Mella Paecht” at Samuel’s address, with the next passport number and the same arrival date, makes her Likely his daughter. No death record found, so name and relation only; on the Open leads page. — Israel State Archives, file M-6985/23
Albert Pacht: his c. 1933 Romanian passport gives his birth as 12 Dec 1889 at Sadău (earlier: Seletin; both kept) and carries his wife Rifca (b. 2 Dec 1892) and daughter Renée. Renée added to the tree by name only (no death record found). Likely. — Israel State Archives, file GL-57429/29, pp. 5–6
Anshel Steigman, Anna’s great-uncle: his memorial record names his parents Mordekhai and Malka and his wife Tova née Vukher, matching the tree; d. 1943, Transnistria. It gives his birth as 1886, Brodina (the tree: 1875, Wiznitz; both kept). Confirmed. — a memorial record (item 3904904)
Mariem Henzie Rosner née Pacht, Anna’s aunt: d. 1941 at Mogilev, from the Vatra Dornei memorial book’s list of the dead. Likely. The same list has Anna’s brother Salomon (Shlomo), Transnistria 1942, as on the tree. — Vatra Dornei memorial book, list of the dead (JewishGen translation)
Not shown: Albert’s passport photo and Mella’s photo (living-person rule for the daughters), and the memorial page for Jacob Pacht (item 597966), which describes the circumstances of his death; it is cited as a memorial record only (Oct 1941, Transnistria). —

23 October 2026 · 23 Oct 2026: correction — Babi’s uncle József Braun survived; Babi’s oral history heard in full

Correction: József Braun (b. 20 Nov 1897, Kisvárda), Chana’s eldest brother, survived. He lived in Budapest in 1944, reached New York in 1948, was naturalized at Brooklyn on 4 Jun 1948 with his wife Aranka (b. 24 Sep 1899, Napkor), was in Brooklyn at the 1950 census with his son David, and died in Brooklyn in September 1986. Removed from the victims entries (the earlier list match was another man of the same name); the Braun family page, tree and timeline updated. Confirmed. — FamilySearch index records (New York passenger index 1944–48; naturalization records, Brooklyn 1948; EDNY petition index 1954; 1950 US census; Social Security Death Index), links only · Oral history interview with Chaya Rosner, interviewer Brad Zarlin, 2016, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, RG-90.063.1890, part 1 0:23:55, 1:22:51; part 2 0:30:15
Nine new entries on the Open leads page from Babi’s own oral history, each with its place in the recording: her father in the Oradea ghetto and across to Romania (Aug 1944); her own 1944–45 hiding (Malka Weiss, Cluj, Budapest, Buda until Jan 1945); Penn Street, Crown Street, São Paulo 1952 and the stocking factory, Boro Park 1971; R’ Yosef’s family and Nachman to Palestine in 1943; R’ Anshel’s surviving children; Reb Chaim’s second marriage; the Braun siblings; and where her account and the tree disagree. The tree is unchanged by them. — Oral history interview with Chaya Rosner, interviewer Brad Zarlin, 2016, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, RG-90.063.1890 — https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/irn702250
Two date conflicts added beside the records: Reb Chaim’s emigration (1939 records / 1937–38 her account) and death (1950 records / 1948 her account). The records win; both are shown. — Oral history interview with Chaya Rosner, interviewer Brad Zarlin, 2016, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, RG-90.063.1890

23 October 2026 · 23 Oct 2026: Babi’s own account of 1948–1950, Zeidi’s weaving partnership in Tel Aviv, and R’ Moshe Aryeh’s stone in the Sighet ohel

Babi: her journey from Satu Mare by way of Budapest, Prague and Karlsbad to the Institut Ascher at Bex (May 1948 – about Dec 1949), then a DP camp in Germany with her brother Shia (Babi recalled Bergen-Belsen; her DP card says Wentorf), and São Paulo after her marriage — from her oral history interview; her father’s mill named as the Industria Textila Ardeliana. — United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, RG-90.063.1890; Arolsen Archives, IRO file, DocIDs 80975034–38
Zeidi: the “Heros” Hand Weaving Factory, a partnership with Adolf Hering registered in Tel Aviv in 1942. — The Palestine Gazette, No. 1198, 4 June 1942 (Israel State Archives)
Photographs: R’ Moshe Aryeh Freund’s gravestone inside the ohel of R’ Shlomo Yehudah Tabak at Sighet. — Photo: Sf2000, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
New findings: the household of R’ Moshe Aryeh from Toldos HaYamim, Yosef Shmuel Freund, Nisel Leah’s first husband, Abraham Jakab Freund (d. 1877), and the signatures in the family’s Avnei Tzedek. — See New findings and Open leads

23 October 2026 · 23 Oct 2026: R’ Moshe Aryeh Freund, the Ga’avad, and his father R’ Yisrael of Hunyad added; the Charif and Taz line (pending findings)

Added to the tree: R’ Yisrael Freund, Av Beit Din of Hunyad, son of R’ Avraham Yehoshua of Năsăud (Babi’s first cousin once removed), and his son R’ Moshe Aryeh Freund (1903–1996), Ga’avad of the Edah HaCharedit in Jerusalem (Babi’s second cousin). Both Likely, because the link rests on R’ Avraham Yehoshua being Reb Chaim’s brother (Likely). His birth year is given as 1902, 1903 and 1904; all are kept. He is a different man from Reb Chaim’s son Moshe Aryeh, born 1903. No portrait is shown, as none is free to reuse. The tree now has 208 people. — his gravestone, Mount of Olives · Hebrew Wikipedia · BoroPark24 (2023)
Pending, not in the tree: the line from R’ Yosef Charif and the Taz through Chaya Freund’s mother Rochel Seltenreich — Rochel’s own gravestone on the Mount of Olives, R’ Yosef HaLevi Lichtig of Dąbrowa and Zborov (Likely), his father R’ Tzvi Hirsch HaLevi of Dąbrowa (Likely), and the descent from the Taz itself, whose middle generations remain unproven. Rochel’s stone (1916) and an online tree (1917) disagree on her death year; both are kept. — Mount of Olives cemetery; Klilat Yofi vol. 1 (Kraków 1888) p. 60; Amudei Esh le-Beit Yosef (Munkács 1939); Bardejov-district Jewish marriage registers 1853 and 1858

23 October 2026 · 23 Oct 2026: Reizel Freund added; an outside research package checked against the originals (pending findings)

Added to the tree: Reiza Reizel Freund née Sneer, wife of R’ Shalom Freund (d. 14 Jan 1941, Satu Mare), Confirmed by her gravestone, which names her husband, his father and Sighet. The tree now has 206 people. — Satu Mare Orthodox Jewish cemetery database, section 8, row 4, grave 30
Found and read: Papi’s own birth entry, Cernăuți 1929, no. 116 (vol. 1245-15/34, p. 201). It names Zeidi’s parents Mordko Rosner and Freide Reiner, Anna’s parents Jacob Pächt and the late Scheine Ruchel Steigman, the family’s address (strada Transilvaniei 48) and the parents’ civil marriage of 14 Dec 1924. Transcribed in “New findings – pending verification”; the page itself is not reproduced. — Cernăuți civil register of Jewish births, vol. 1245-15/34, p. 201, entry 116 (Chernivtsi State Archive)
Pending, cited only: R’ Moshe Aryeh Freund (1903–1996), Ga’avad of the Edah HaCharedit, grandson of R’ Avraham Yehoshua of Năsăud and so Babi’s second cousin (Likely); Reb Chaim’s own stamped copies of Yetev Panim (“FREUND CHAIM / Satu-Mare”) and Yetev Lev, with the conflicting dates in their catalogue notes kept; R’ Avraham Yehoshua’s handwritten dedication and his book Maor Yehoshua. — Hebrew Wikipedia; BoroPark24; dealers’ online catalogues; HebrewBooks.org
Checked, no link: an oral history of a Deborah Freund of Satu Mare, Sefer Marmaros plates, and museum photographs of Sighet. Babi’s displaced-persons card was re-checked online; it was already on the site. — USHMM collections; Sefer Marmaros; Arolsen Archives online collections

23 October 2026 · 23 Oct 2026: second pass on the Satu Mare cemetery register (pending findings)

Nine more items in “New findings – pending verification”, each with its source and status. Already in the tree, checked and left unchanged: Feiga Freund (d. 1927, aged 2; her stone names her father Alexander Freund, so she is Babi’s sister); Nisel Leah Paskesz née Freund; Yitel and Gitel Brettler; and Chaya and Gitel Stern as daughters of Shmuel Stern and Rochel Seltenreich. New and pending: the grave of Reizel Freund, wife of R’ Shalom Freund of Sighet (d. 1941); Osias (Yehoshua) Brettler’s stone, naming his father Yitzchak Zeev, and two Brettler children in the register; Lina (Jetl) Fleischmann née Freund, daughter of an older Tobi Gadl Freund; two unlinked Rachel Brauns; and two separate Freund households. The family tree is unchanged. — Satu Mare Orthodox Jewish cemetery database (register and stone photographs) · 1869 Kurima census (as indexed)

23 October 2026 · 23 Oct 2026: new pending findings from the Satu Mare cemetery register

A new section, “New findings – pending verification”, opens the Open leads page. It lists four items, each with its source and status: the grave of Chaya Freund, wife of Chaim, d. 28 Oct 1926 (register entry read; original and renewed stone read and translated; they name her father Shmuel Stern and her husband Chaim Freund, matching the tree’s Chaya née Stern); Bernát Freund, d. 1918 aged 9 (register entry read; no grave photo; original birth and death entries not found online); Markusz (Nachum Mordechai) Freund, d. 1900 (register entry and stone read; merged with his existing open leads; not connected to Reb Chaim); and the Naszód tombstones of Rabbi Avraham Yehoshua Freund and Frodl (catalogue reference only). The family tree is unchanged. — Satu Mare Orthodox Jewish cemetery database (register and stone photographs) · Center for Jewish Art, item 206082

23 October 2026 · 23 Oct 2026: Herman Freund’s family and Samuel/Sion moved back to Open leads until the original records are checked.

Removed from the tree (they had been added as Likely earlier the same night): (Chaim) Herman Freund (b. 1873), Eszter Freund née Paskesz (1880–1904), Margit Hana Malka Freund (d. 1919), Samuel Freund (b. 1870) and Sion Freund. All their evidence, and the conflict over Nisel Leah’s age in 1881, is now one entry on the Open leads page. Fáni (Kaufman) Braun’s parents stay Confirmed, unchanged. — Sighet marriage index (2 Sep 1897) · Satu Mare Orthodox cemetery register, section 2, row 9, grave 27 · Sighet indexes (Samuel) · Vásárosnamény marriage index 1892 (Sion)

23 October 2026 · 23 Oct 2026: on the family’s word — two decisions

Fáni (Kaufman) Braun’s parents, Ignácz Kaufman and Hani Szakmári (also written Szatmári): kept Confirmed on the family’s word. The 1876 birth-scan citation is marked uncertain (the parent columns carry other names and the “Ignatz Kaufmann” note needs interpretation); the 1896 marriage index names both parents, its original page not yet seen. Both surname spellings are kept. — Varannó civil marriages 1896, vol. 1 p. 8 no. 20 (JewishGen index) · Homonna-district Jewish births 1876 (FamilySearch image 3:1:S3HY-68TH-KW7)
Added to the tree as Likely on the family’s word (index only, original not yet checked): (Chaim) Herman Freund (b. 1873), Nisel Leah’s son by her first husband Iczik Freund of Nagykároly; his wife Eszter Paskesz (b. 30 Dec 1880, d. 24 Jul 1904), daughter of Mór Paskesz and Eszter Stern, married at Sighet on 2 Sep 1897; and their daughter Margit Hana Malka Freund (d. 21 Nov 1919, Satu Mare, aged 16). — Máramarossziget civil marriages 1897, 2 Sep 1897 (JewishGen Subcarpathia and vicinity marriages index; index only, original not yet checked) · Satu Mare Orthodox cemetery register, section 2, row 9, grave 27
Also added as Likely on the family’s word: Nisel Leah’s sons Samuel Freund (b. March 1870, Sighet; m. Hani Kahan 1906) and Sion (Shia?) Freund (m. Rebeka Gáncz, Vásárosnamény 1892). — Máramarossziget births 1870 and marriages 1906; Vásárosnamény marriages 1892 (JewishGen indexes; index only)

23 October 2026 (night) · Research round 7 — the 1848 census of Kisvárda, read page by page

Sámuel Egi (Babi’s great-great-grandfather): his household in the 1848 census of Kisvárda read in the original — 44, born in Poland at a place written “Pribtsits” (first letter unclear; not identified), in Hungary for 31 years (since about 1817) and in Kisvárda for 19 (since about 1829), a teacher (tanító). His three children are bracketed under him: Antal (14), Háni (12) — Babi’s great-grandmother Hani Egi — and Franciska (1). No wife is listed. Scan in the gallery. — 1848 census of the Jews of Hungary, Szabolcs county, Kisvárda, rows 436–442 (FHL film 719825; FamilySearch DGS 007953483, image 323, original seen)
Antal and Franciska Egi upgraded from Likely to Confirmed: the original page names them, with Háni, as the children of the teacher Sámuel Egi of Kisvárda — the same father, occupation and town that Hani’s 1899 death entry names. — Same census page; Kisvárda civil deaths 1899, act 165
Márkus Braun and Liebe: all 23 Kisvárda town pages of the 1848 census (rows 1–723) were read; neither they nor József Braun appear in the town that year. Recorded on the Open leads page. — 1848 census, Kisvárda, FamilySearch DGS 007953483, images 310–332
The family’s Kisvárda census lead (Abraham Braun × Eva Ellenbogen; Jakab Freund × Eszter Braun): both households read in the original; they agree with the index. Still no link to the tree. — Same census, images 315–316
Nagykároly: four Freund entries in the indexes (a Josef Freund in the 1828 tax census; Abraham Freund, born Nagykároly, d. Szatmár 1877 aged 53; Markusz Freund, son of Tobias, whose parents lived at Nagykároly; Ignácz Freund of Nagykároly, 1880s) placed on the Open leads page as Possible relatives of R’ Moshe Aryeh’s father — not in the tree. — JewishGen: 1828 Hungarian property tax census; Hungarian births, deaths and marriages (Satu Mare archives)

23 October 2026 (night) · Research round 6 — up the Freund, Braun, Pacht and Rosner lines

R’ Moshe Aryeh Freund (Babi’s great-grandfather): his second marriage at Kisvárda on 25 Oct 1887, entry 13, read in the original. It names his parents “néhai Josi Jósia, Jetti” (the late Yosi Yehoshua and Yetti), agreeing with his 1902 death entry (“Saie”, “Gitsel”). Merchant, born Nagykároly, living at Sighet, 61, widower. The marriage was index-only before; now Confirmed from the original. Scan in the gallery. — Kisvárda Jewish marriages 1886–1895, 1887 entry 13, 25 Oct 1887 (FHL film 642904; FamilySearch, Hungary Catholic and Jewish registers, DGS 004134122, image 563, 3:1:3QS7-L9PH-327S, original seen; duplicate copy LDS 642906 vol. 7 p. 89)
Mordechai Berl (Dov) Pacht, Anna’s uncle: birth found in the Câmpulung Jewish birth register index — “Mordko Beer Pecht”, 25 Feb 1867, house 574, parents Israel and Ester Schieber. The memorial record (his only source until now) gives Feb 1868; both dates kept. — Bukovina vital records index (JewishGen): Câmpulung (Kimpolung) Jewish births, “Pecht, Mordko Beer”, 25 Feb 1867, house 574, parents Israel and Ester Schieber (Romanian National Archives, Suceava branch, birth register N1, p. 23)
Ruled out: Israel Pächt (b. 1846 Sereth, son of Chaim Jossel and Mariem; married Mindl Fischler at Dorna in 1905) is a different man from Anna’s grandfather Israel Pacht, whose son Shmuel Yitzchak was born c.1853. — Bukovina vital records index (JewishGen): Dorna Watra marriages 1899 and 1905
Checked: the Vășcăuți (Waschkoutz) Jewish registers on FamilySearch hold births 1918–1928 only; Mordko Rosner’s 1925 civil marriage is not online. Wiznitz marriages 1923–1926 are filmed separately (DGS 7799359). — FamilySearch catalogue, Metrical books 1918–1928 (Vashkivtsi) and Wiznitz
Checked: the 1848 Jewish census of Szabolcs county is online as images (FamilySearch DGS 007953483, about images 121–510); the Kisvárda-district villages were found (images ~204–227), the Kisvárda town pages not yet. Márkus Braun’s household is still not in the published index. — Hungarian Jewish census of 1848 (FHL film 719825; FamilySearch DGS 007953483)

23 October 2026 (night) · Research round 5 — the Kaufmans of Tótkajna in the original district registers

New person, Confirmed: Hani Spitzer née Kaufman (b. c.1839), a sister of Ignácz — her marriage at Tótkajna on 22 Feb 1859 to Leopold Spitzer, a leaseholder there, names her parents as “Manes und Zipra Kaufman in T. Kajnya”. Scan in the gallery. — Varannó-district (Tótkajna) Jewish marriages 1851–1859, entry 196, 22 Feb 1859 (Prešov State Archive; FamilySearch, Slovakia Church and Synagogue Books, DGS 004406898, image 3:1:S3HY-DYV9-V5R, original seen; index record 1:1:6NMD-M7VM)
Czipora (Cipra) Kaufman née Grünwald, Babi’s great-great-grandmother: death found — 13 Nov 1876 at Tótkajna, aged 55, born there. Likely (name, village and age match; original entry read). Scan in the gallery. — Varannó-district Jewish deaths 1876, entry 30 (FamilySearch, Slovakia Church and Synagogue Books, DGS 004407170, image 3:1:S3HT-D1ZQ-CW1, original seen; index record 1:1:6NMN-9WSR)
Thóbe Kaufman (b. 1843), Ignácz’s sister: death found — July 1864 at Tótkajna, aged 21, unmarried. Likely (original entry read). Scan in the gallery. — Varannó-district Jewish deaths 1864, entry 80 (FamilySearch, Slovakia Church and Synagogue Books, DGS 004406898, image 3:1:S3HY-DYV9-VZS, original seen; index record 1:1:6NMN-9R5T)
New open lead (Possible): a Márkus (“Mar.”) Kaufman lived at Tótkajna in the 1840s; his daughters Mari (m. Herman Blum, 1843/44) and Cirl (m. Josef Blum, later 1840s) married two Blums there (original entries), and Josef Blum was a witness at Hani Kaufman’s 1859 wedding. Márkus may be Manesz’s father — not proven; kept on the Open leads page. The Manisz Kaufmann lead (d. 1901, son of Márkusz) is updated: Czipora’s death in 1876 means a later second marriage is possible. — Varannó-district Jewish marriages 1840–1851, entry 97 (FamilySearch image 3:1:S3HY-DYV9-VXN)
Birth pages of the 1840s (Thóbe, Izak/Ignácz, Etti) are still closed online; the marriage and death pages of the same district registers are open and were read. — FamilySearch, Slovakia Church and Synagogue Books, DGS 004406898 and 004407170

23 October 2026 (night) · Research round 4 — Kisvárda cemetery list and registers

Fáni (Feige) Braun née Kaufman: death and burial added — Iyar 5685 (late April 1925), Kisvárda Jewish cemetery, grave row 05. The burial list names her “Braun Nachmanné”, Hebrew “Feige daughter of R’ Yitzchak”. Likely (a compiled list; the 1925 civil death register is not online). Her parents’ grade is unchanged. — Kisvárda Jewish cemetery burial list (typed list of names with Hebrew names and dates, list p. 11 = PDF p. 17, nos. [163] and [237]; published on the Kisvárda KehilaLinks pages, “Burial list of Names in the Kisvarda Jewish Cemetery”)
Hani Braun née Egi: Hebrew name Chaya Sara added (Likely) — burial list entry for June 1899, matching her civil death of 4 Jun 1899. — Kisvárda Jewish cemetery burial list (typed list of names with Hebrew names and dates, list p. 11 = PDF p. 17, nos. [163] and [237]; published on the Kisvárda KehilaLinks pages, “Burial list of Names in the Kisvarda Jewish Cemetery”)
Aba Braun (b. 1 Dec 1868): original birth entry read — father Josef Braun, mother “Egi Hany”; scan in the gallery. — Kisvárda Jewish births 1868, entry 92 (FamilySearch image 3:1:3QS7-L9PH-3L4S)
Márkus Braun’s and Sámuel Egi’s 1855 deaths read in the original register: Marcus Braun, born at Kisvárda, widower, 69, house 187 (November); Samuel Egy, 60 (July; the index had “Egri”). Death date added to Sámuel Egi (Likely); his age conflicts with the 1848 census (both kept). Scans in the gallery, illness column cropped out. — Kisvárda Jewish deaths 1855, entries 180 and 211 (FamilySearch images 3:1:3QS7-L9PH-3L9P and 3:1:3QS7-L9PH-3L9N)
17 new relatives, Likely (index): the children of Reb Chaim’s brother Izsák (×Szasze Abrahamovits — 7 children 1877–1896), sister Fradel (×Jakob Glück — 6 children 1888–1897) and brother Shalom (×Reizel Sneer — 4 daughters 1889–1896), all registered at Sighet, several with Mozes (Moshe Aryeh) Freund as sandek. Three death entries matched (Bernád 1895, Volf 1893, Abraham Eliezer 1914). — Máramarossziget Jewish births, register books 277, 279 and 282-A; Sighet deaths book 322 and Fund 753 book 606 (Romanian National Archives, Baia Mare; JewishGen indexes)
Seven more of Reb Chaim’s nephews and nieces (Likely, index): Shalom’s children born 1900–1908 (including a Mozes Arje, 1906), Rafael’s son Zsigmond (1879), and Fradel’s daughters Chava (1881) and Chana Malka Glück (1884). Nisel Leah’s first marriage found: to Iczik Freund of Nagykároly, with sons Samuel (1870) and Herman (1873). Herman married Mór Paskesz’s daughter Eszter in 1897, which explains the open lead on Margit Hana Malka Freund (1919); adding them to the tree waits for the family’s OK. — Máramarossziget civil births and marriages, 1870–1909 (JewishGen Subcarpathia and vicinity indexes)
New person, Possible: Rosie Braun (b. c.1831), married 19 Apr 1851 at Kisvárda; parents “Marcus & Liebe” of Kisvárda. Perhaps Márkus Braun’s daughter and József’s sister; Liebe noted on Márkus’s card as a possible wife. Scan in the gallery. — Kisvárda Jewish marriages 1851, entry 6 (FamilySearch image 3:1:3QS7-L9PH-3L3Q)
Kisvárda births 1867–1873 read page by page: no further child of József and Hani found in those pages; two other men named Josef Braun (wives Tony of Gyüre and Esti) had children there — noted on József’s card as a caution. — Kisvárda Jewish registers 1851–1895 (FamilySearch DGS 004134122, images 66–89)
Family leads re-checked: Kisvárda community pages (photographs are copyrighted — link only; the 1944 Kisvárda households list does not include Nachman Braun’s family, who lived at Csaholc), the Câmpulung register catalogue (catalogue only, no scans online), the Nyíregyháza Freund names (no match). Statuses on the Open leads page. — kehilalinks.jewishgen.org/Kisvarda · jbat.lbi.org items 1740 and 1746

23 October 2026 (night) · Research round 3 — checks and family leads

Re-checked how Fáni Kaufman’s 1896 marriage names her parents: the archive’s transcription of the entry names them plainly as Ignacz Kaufman and Hani Szakmari, with her birth at Porubka on 3 Oct 1876; the original 1876 birth page agrees (father Ignatz Kaufman, 3 Oct 1876, Porubka; the mother’s name only partly legible, “…Szakmari”). The marriage page itself is not online. Two independent records, one an original — the link stays Confirmed. — Varannó civil marriages 1896, vol. 1 p. 8 no. 20 (Vranov archive; JewishGen Slovak civil marriage index) · Homonna-district Jewish births 1876 (FamilySearch image 3:1:S3HY-68TH-KW7)
Read the original entry of Lea Kaufman’s birth (10 Jul 1869): father Ignatz Kaufman, mother Hani Szatmari, of Tótkajna — upgraded Likely → Confirmed; scan in the gallery. The spelling Szatmári (this entry and the 1869 census) against Szakmári (all later records) is kept as a conflict. — Jewish birth register, Varannó district, 1869, entry 38 (FHL film 3040232; FamilySearch image 3:1:S3HY-DYV9-264)
Worked the unindexed Kisvárda register page by page and found Moses Braun, born 8 Sep 1866, father Josef Braun, mother Hany — added as Likely brother of Nachman; scan in the gallery. — Kisvárda Jewish births 1866, entry 250 (FHL film 642904; FamilySearch image 3:1:3QS7-L9PH-3L7P)
Read Schasi Braun’s original birth entry (18 Oct 1865): father Josef Braun, mother Kati Egi — the first original to show the Egi surname for a child of József Braun; first name Kati against Hani kept as a conflict; scan in the gallery. — Kisvárda Jewish births 1865, entry 179 (FHL film 642904; FamilySearch image 3:1:3QS7-L9PH-3LH1)
Sighet marriage register: Reb Chaim Freund married Chaja Stern of Kurima on 16 Sep 1884 in his father Mozes Freund’s house, both fathers witnessing — the first record naming both sets of parents at once. The same register gives the marriages of five of his brothers and sisters (Fradel 1874, Izsák 1880, Rafael 1881, Nisel Leah 1881, Rifke 1882, Shalom 1883), and their ages match the birth dates already on the site. Index readings — grades unchanged (Likely). — Máramarossziget Jewish marriages, register books 283 and 284 (Romanian National Archives, Baia Mare branch; JewishGen Máramaros vital records index)
Every lead sent in by the family on 22–23 Oct is now on the Open leads page with its status. None joined the tree: an index match or a same-name family is not proof. The Satu Mare 1875 Markusz Braun is not the tree’s Márkus (who died in 1855); Mór Paskesz and Lina Freund’s six Satu Mare children (Gisella 1885 among them) match the tree’s Nisel Leah but wait for the original pages. — Satu Mare Jewish registers 1349–1357 (Romanian National Archives, Satu Mare; JewishGen Hungary indexes) · Satu Mare Orthodox cemetery register
Manisz Kaufmann of Tótkajna (died 1901, aged 90, son of Márkusz): his death page is not online; the evidence for and against his being our Manesz is set out on the Open leads page. Still Possible, not in the tree. — Szedliszke civil deaths 1901 no. 38 (Vranov archive; JewishGen Slovak civil death index) · 1869 census, Tót-Kajnya, families 1 and 2

23 October 2026 (night) · Research round 2 — original registers

Found the original register entry for Simson Kaufman’s birth (Porubka, 14 Sep 1875; father Ignatz Kaufman, mother Hani Szakmary) — upgraded to Confirmed; scan in the gallery. — Homonna-district Jewish births 1875, p. 51, entry 71 (FHL film 1792090; FamilySearch, Slovakia Church and Synagogue Books, record 1:1:6NMX-3L1J, image 3:1:S3HY-68TH-NWG)
Found the original death entry of the infant Márkus Kaufman (Varannó, 15 Jul 1886, 13 days old), which calls his father Ignatz an innkeeper — upgraded to Confirmed; scan in the gallery. — Varannó-district Jewish deaths 1886, entry 18 (FamilySearch, Slovakia Church and Synagogue Books, record 1:1:6NMN-MP9M, image 3:1:S3HT-D1ZQ-4HB)
Up the Kaufman line: Ignácz’s own birth (1 Sep 1846) is indexed to Manesz Kaufman and Czipra Grunvald, with two sisters, Thóbe (1843) and Etti (1848) — Likely. A third sister, Resi (b. c.1852), married at Tótkajna in 1872; her original entry names her father Manes Kaufman, trader at Tótkajna — scan in the gallery. — Tótkajna-area Jewish births 1846 (FamilySearch, Slovakia Church and Synagogue Books, index record 1:1:6NM6-LNTJ; the image is not open online) · Tótkajna Jewish marriages 1872, entry 17 (district Jewish register; FamilySearch, Slovakia Church and Synagogue Books, record 1:1:6NM8-11CB, image 3:1:S3HY-DYV9-KM6)
The 1869 census of Tótkajna shows Manesz (Emmanuel) Kaufman, b. 1820, and Czipra née Grunvald, b. 1821, with Ignácz and Hani and their small children in the same household — added four Possible younger children of Manesz and two Possible children of Ignácz. — 1869 census, Tót-Kajnya (Varannó district, Zemplén), family 1 (FHL film 720012 item 2, as indexed by JewishGen)
Reb Chaim’s brothers and sisters at Sighet: the Jewish birth register gives Rafael (25 Aug 1859) and Shalom (15 Oct 1861, a twin of Rifke) their dates, and adds Fradel (1857), Izsák (1858), Rifke (1861) and Chajim (1869, died 1870), all children of Moshe Aryeh Freund and Chane Malke — Likely. — Máramarossziget Jewish births, register book 272 (Romanian National Archives, Baia Mare branch; JewishGen Máramaros vital records index)

23 October 2026 (night) · Research round 1 — second pass

Added the death of Babi’s great-grandmother Hani (Anna) Kaufman née Szakmári at Varannó on 17 Nov 1897, aged 53, born at Legenyemihályi — Confirmed. — Varannó civil deaths 1897, vol. 1 p. 26 no. 61 (Prešov State Archive, Vranov branch; JewishGen Slovak civil death records index)
Added Fáni Kaufman’s grandparents Manesz Kaufman and Czipora Grünwald, and her father Ignácz’s birth (1 Sep 1846, Tótkajna) and second marriage (1898, Franciska Weisz) — Likely: the 1898 groom is the same tavern keeper of Varannó whose wife Hani died in 1897. — Varannó civil marriages 1898, vol. 1 p. 17 no. 11 (Prešov State Archive, Vranov branch; JewishGen Slovak civil marriage records index); Varannó civil marriages 1896, vol. 1 p. 7 no. 12 (witness entry; JewishGen index)
Found what is Likely Yosef Freund’s civil birth entry: Kurima, 28 Nov 1895, son of Henrik (Reb Chaim) Freund, 32, born at Sighet, and Hani (Chaya) Stern, 31 — this also supports Reb Chaim’s birth in late 1863. — Kurima civil births 1895, vol. 1 p. 2 no. 16 (Prešov State Archive, Bardejov branch; JewishGen Slovak civil birth records index)
Added Lina Braun’s two husbands (Adolf Schwartz, 1877; Samuel Weinberger, 1888), Sámuel Braun’s wife Hani Heimlich and their children Regina (1884), Shimon (1886) and Matild (1887); exact birth dates for Lina (1 Jan 1858), Schasi (18 Oct 1865) and Aba (1 Dec 1868). — Kisvárda Jewish marriages (JewishGen Hungary marriages index; FHL films 642904, 642906); Kisvárda Jewish births (JewishGen Hungary births index; FHL film 642904)
Added four first cousins of Papi’s mother Anna from the Pacht family of Dorna (children of Shmuel Yitzchak Pacht and Chanze Klipper, and of Mariem Henzie Pacht and Isak Rosner of Dorna), and Majer Hersch Hammer, son of Chaje Pacht. — Bukovina vital records index (JewishGen): Dorna Watra and Dorna Kandreny marriages 1895–1909, births 1910–1913
Rachel Pacht’s birth found in the Câmpulung register (18 Nov 1862); Sara Lea Pacht’s (12 Apr 1869). Memorial records give Rachel 1869, Dorna — both kept. — Bukovina vital records index (JewishGen): Kimpolung births 1862, 1869
A second, independent source for Zeidi and his brothers and sisters: the Bukovina births index lists the five children of Mordko Rosner and Freide Reiner as late registrations at Willawcze, legitimated after the 1925 marriage. — Bukovina vital records index (JewishGen): Willawcze (Vilaucea) births, late registrations with legitimation after the parents’ marriage of 17 Dec 1925
Checked Jacob Pacht’s own 1865 birth entry for the names of his grandparents: the index gives none for Câmpulung 1857–1869. — Bukovina vital records index (JewishGen): Kimpolung births 1865
Noted a second birth year for Scheine Ruchel Steigman (1867, from her son Marcus’s 1908 birth entry) beside c. Dec 1868 — both kept. — Bukovina vital records index (JewishGen): Dorna Watra births 1908

23 October 2026 (evening) · Research round 1 — going up every line

Added Fáni Kaufman’s parents, Ignácz Kaufman and Hani Szakmári, and corrected her birth to 3 October 1876 at Porubka (was “c.1872, Varannó”; both kept on the Latest page). — Varannó (Vranov nad Topľou) civil marriages 1896, vol. 1 p. 8 no. 20 (Prešov State Archive, Vranov branch; JewishGen Hungary marriages index); Homonna-district Jewish births 1876 (FamilySearch image 3:1:S3HY-68TH-KW7)
Added Fáni’s siblings Lea (1869), Simson (1875), Moses (1877) and Márkus (d. 1886) — Likely. — Homonna-district Jewish births (JewishGen index); Slovakia synagogue books (FamilySearch)
Added Josef Schaja Stern (b. 25 Dec 1854), son of Anschel and Gitel Stern — Confirmed; with a scan of the entry. — Kurima-district Jewish births 1854, entry 47 (FamilySearch)
Added Samuel Stern’s brothers and sisters Roza, Susanna, Leni, Moses, Nathan and Burik, and birth estimates for Anshel and Gitel (Sztropkó, c.1800–1814) — Likely, from the censuses of Kurima. — 1848 Hungarian census (household 25); 1857 census (house 1/1); 1869 census (families 2107–2151)
Added Marim Seltenreich (m. 1853), a sister of Rochel Seltenreich — Likely; with a scan of the marriage entry. — Bardejov-district Jewish marriages 1853, entry 1 (FamilySearch)
Upgraded Anshel and Feige Steigman from Likely to Confirmed as children of Mottel Steigman and Malka Buller; added Anshel’s wife Gitel Wucher and daughter Ruchel (1903), Feige’s husband Moses Simche Buller and their six children. — Bukovina vital records index (JewishGen): Neu-Fratautz births 1903; Rădăuți births 1905–1929; Rădăuți marriages 1895, 1903
Corrected Shlomo Pacht’s birth to 9 April 1895 at Poiana Stampei (memorial records give Vatra Dornei; both kept) and added his wife Ester Schimmel. — Bukovina vital records index: Rădăuți births 1924, marriages 1922
Upgraded Shmuel Yitzchak Pacht (b. c. Feb 1853) and Dvora Pacht (b. 3 May 1860) to Confirmed children of Israel Pacht and Ester Schieber. — Bukovina vital records index: Kimpolung births 1860; Dorna Watra marriages 1899, 1910
Added Sámuel Egi’s birth (c.1804, Poland) and his children Antal and Franciska; Márkus Braun’s death at Kisvárda on 1 Nov 1855, aged 69 (Likely the same man). — 1848 Hungarian census, Kisvárda, household 438; Kisvárda Jewish deaths 1855
Set Papi and Babi’s portrait, from the sharpest copy, as the picture on the home page. — Family collection
Opened this changelog and a separate page of open leads. — —

23 October 2026 · The site opens

First version: the tree of Papi and Babi with the Rosner, Pacht and Steigman, Freund and Stern, and Braun and Kaufman lines, 122 people, photographs and records. — See the Sources page

24 October 2026 · 24 Oct 2026, Shabbos: the Naszód Rav in Hadrat Kodesh (Jerusalem 5720 reprint, first printed Satmar 5702)

The Naszód Rav’s birth (Wednesday 12 Tammuz 5615, Sighet) and parents from a 1942 printed biography; raised to Confirmed as Reb Chaim’s brother. — Hadrat Kodesh (Jerusalem 5720 reprint, first printed Satmar 5702), p.24, via HebrewBooks.org no. 64917 · Confirmed
His last days in Satmar, his son R’ Yisrael of Hunyad at his side, and his burial in Satmar; R’ Yisrael and the Ga’avad raised to Confirmed. — Hadrat Kodesh (Jerusalem 5720 reprint, first printed Satmar 5702), p.86, via HebrewBooks.org no. 64917 · Confirmed